Abstract
This study addresses the critical issue of Fusarium wilt in tomatoes, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), a severe fungal pathogen responsible for global yield losses. Conventional control measures, such as resistant crop varieties and chemical fungicides, have limitations due to environmental concerns and the risk of pathogen resistance. As a sustainable alternative, this study aims to explore the biocontrol potential of the bacterial strain Sh-17, focusing on its lipopeptides (LPs) to effectively suppress FOL. This study demonstrated the antifungal capability of the Sh-17 strain, obtained from a tomato field, against FOL. Through 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis and phenotypic evaluation, Sh-17 was identified as Bacillus subtilis Sh-17. During the disease control assay using in vitro petri dishes, Sh-17 showed promising plant growth-promoting and disease-control capabilities in seedlings when tomato seeds were inoculated with both Sh-17 and FOL. Subsequently, the lipopeptide extract derived from Sh-17 showed strong antifungal properties in a dose-dependent manner, with complete inhibition of FOL at a concentration of 3500 µg mL−1. Furthermore, it was observed that LPs decreased the amount of ergosterol, which affects the stability and general structure of the plasma membrane. The genomic DNA of Sh-17 was subjected to PCR screening, which revealed the presence of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of antifungal LPs. Furthermore, LC–MS analysis identified distinct LPs, such as surfactins, fengycin, iturins, bacilysin, and bacillomycin derivatives in the crude LPs extract of Sh-17. Moreover, microscopic analyses (fluorescent/TEM) demonstrated morphological abnormalities and even death of the hyphae and spores of the phytopathogen upon its interaction with LPs. B. subtilis Sh-17 exhibits strong antifungal properties against FOL and supports seedlings health by protecting them from pathogen infestation. The LPs produced by Sh-17 inhibit FOL growth in a dose-dependent manner by disrupting the pathogen’s cellular structures and proved to be an effective biocontrol agent against Fusarium wilt in tomatoes.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Sh-17 had antifungal activity against FOL.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie1pathogen - Second interactor
- Sh-17e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antifungal capabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study demonstrated the antifungal capability of the Sh-17 strain, obtained from a tomato field, against FOL.”
e1“Fusarium wilt in tomatoes, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequence and phenotype evaluation identified Sh-17 as Bacillus subtilis Sh-17.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis Sh-17
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- identified as Bacillus subtilis Sh-17e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Through 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis and phenotypic evaluation, Sh-17 was identified as Bacillus subtilis Sh-17.”
e1“Fusarium wilt in tomatoes, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed inoculation with Sh-17 and FOL promoted tomato seedling growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- tomato seeds were inoculated with both Sh-17 and FOLe0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Sh-17e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant growth-promotinge0
- Direction
- growth-promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sh-17 showed promising plant growth-promoting and disease-control capabilities in seedlings when tomato seeds were inoculated with both Sh-17 and FOL.”
e1“Fusarium wilt in tomatoes, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed inoculation with Sh-17 and FOL showed disease-control capability in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- tomato seeds were inoculated with both Sh-17 and FOLe0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Sh-17e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease-control capabilitiese0
- Direction
- disease-controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sh-17 showed promising plant growth-promoting and disease-control capabilities in seedlings when tomato seeds were inoculated with both Sh-17 and FOL.”
e1“Fusarium wilt in tomatoes, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sh-17 lipopeptide extract inhibited FOL in a dose-dependent manner, completely at 3500 µg mL−1.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- lipopeptide extract derived from Sh-17e0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Sh-17e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition of FOLe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 3500 µg mL−1e0
- Qualifier
- dose-dependent mannere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lipopeptide extract derived from Sh-17 showed strong antifungal properties in a dose-dependent manner, with complete inhibition of FOL at a concentration of 3500 µg mL−1”
e1“Fusarium wilt in tomatoes, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)”
Claim · model-written summary
LPs decreased ergosterol amount in the pathogen.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- LPse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie1pathogen
- Outcome
- amount of ergosterole0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LPs decreased the amount of ergosterol, which affects the stability and general structure of the plasma membrane.”
e1“Fusarium wilt in tomatoes, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)”
Claim · model-written summary
PCR screening detected genes for antifungal lipopeptide biosynthesis in Sh-17.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- Sh-17e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- presence of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of antifungal LPse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The genomic DNA of Sh-17 was subjected to PCR screening, which revealed the presence of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of antifungal LPs.”
e1“Fusarium wilt in tomatoes, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)”
Claim · model-written summary
LC–MS identified surfactins, fengycin and iturins in Sh-17 lipopeptide extract.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- Sh-17e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- surfactins, fengycin, iturinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LC–MS analysis identified distinct LPs, such as surfactins, fengycin, iturins, bacilysin, and bacillomycin derivatives in the crude LPs extract of Sh-17.”
e1“Fusarium wilt in tomatoes, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)”
Claim · model-written summary
LC–MS identified bacilysin and bacillomycin derivatives in Sh-17 lipopeptide extract.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- Sh-17e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- bacilysin, and bacillomycin derivativese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LC–MS analysis identified distinct LPs, such as surfactins, fengycin, iturins, bacilysin, and bacillomycin derivatives in the crude LPs extract of Sh-17.”
e1“Fusarium wilt in tomatoes, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)”
Claim · model-written summary
LP exposure caused hyphal and spore abnormalities and death in the phytopathogen.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- LPse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersiciFusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie1pathogen
- Outcome
- morphological abnormalities and even death of the hyphae and spores of the phytopathogene0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“microscopic analyses (fluorescent/TEM) demonstrated morphological abnormalities and even death of the hyphae and spores of the phytopathogen upon its interaction with LPs.”
e1“Fusarium wilt in tomatoes, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
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See all 15 papers →inoculation · Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
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See all 26 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.