Abstract
Simultaneous infestation with root-knot nematodes (RKN) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) leads to formation of a disease complex that increases crop losses than effect of either RKN or FOL. In this study a management programme involving plant resistance, biological control agents, and neem was carried out to manage RKN and fusarium wilt disease complex. The biological control agents were Purpureocillium lilacinum (PL) and Trichoderma harzianum (TH) while the RKN was Meloidogyne javanica. In vitro dual culture plates were set up to test the interaction of biological control agents and FOL. Greenhouse experiments were conducted using two tomato cultivars Rambo F1 and Prostar F1. The treatments were; PL, TH, PL–TH, neem, PL neem, TH neem, and PL–TH neem. Each treatment was replicated four times and the treatments set up in a randomised complete block design in the greenhouse. Inhibition of FOL mycelial growth by TH and PL was 51.9%, and 44% respectively by the ninth day in vitro culture plates. In the cultivar, Prostar F1, the treatments PL–TH, PL, and TH in the presence or absence of neem had a FOL disease severity score significantly lower than the untreated control. Host resistance sufficed to prevent infection of Rambo F1 with FOL. The treatments PL–TH, PL and TH reduced FOL propagules and M. javanica juveniles in the roots and performed even better when combined with neem in both tomato cultivars. Therefore, a host that is resistant combined with biological control agents and organic amendments can be used in the management of RKN and FOL in tomato production.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harzianum inhibited Fusarium mycelial growth by 51.9% in vitro by day nine.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- THe0
- Interactor
- FOLe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- FOL mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- Inhibitione0
- Value
- 51.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of FOL mycelial growth by TH and PL was 51.9%, and 44% respectively by the ninth day in vitro culture plates”
e1“Trichoderma harzianum (TH)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Purpureocillium lilacinum inhibited Fusarium mycelial growth by 44% in vitro by day nine.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PLe0
- Interactor
- FOLe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Purpureocillium lilacinum
Purpureocillium lilacinume1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- FOL mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- Inhibitione0
- Value
- 44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of FOL mycelial growth by TH and PL was 51.9%, and 44% respectively by the ninth day in vitro culture plates”
e1“Purpureocillium lilacinum (PL)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
PL–TH lowered Fusarium disease severity in Prostar F1 relative to untreated controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Prostar F1e0
- Treatment
- PL–THe0
- Interactor
- FOLe0pathogen
- Outcome
- FOL disease severity scoree0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the cultivar, Prostar F1, the treatments PL–TH, PL, and TH in the presence or absence of neem had a FOL disease severity score significantly lower than the untreated control”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
PL lowered Fusarium disease severity in Prostar F1 relative to untreated controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Prostar F1e0
- Treatment
- PLe0
- Interactor
- FOLe0pathogen
- Outcome
- FOL disease severity scoree0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the cultivar, Prostar F1, the treatments PL–TH, PL, and TH in the presence or absence of neem had a FOL disease severity score significantly lower than the untreated control”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
TH lowered Fusarium disease severity in Prostar F1 relative to untreated controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Prostar F1e0
- Treatment
- THe0
- Interactor
- FOLe0pathogen
- Outcome
- FOL disease severity scoree0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the cultivar, Prostar F1, the treatments PL–TH, PL, and TH in the presence or absence of neem had a FOL disease severity score significantly lower than the untreated control”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Rambo F1 resistance prevented Fusarium infection.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Rambo F1e0
- Interactor
- FOLe0pathogen
- Outcome
- prevent infection of Rambo F1 with FOLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Host resistance sufficed to prevent infection of Rambo F1 with FOL”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
PL–TH reduced Fusarium propagules in tomato roots, with stronger performance alongside neem.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- PL–THe0
- Interactor
- FOLe0pathogen
- Outcome
- FOL propagulese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- performed even better when combined with neeme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments PL–TH, PL and TH reduced FOL propagules and M. javanica juveniles in the roots and performed even better when combined with neem in both tomato cultivars”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
PL reduced Fusarium propagules in tomato roots, with stronger performance alongside neem.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- PLe0
- Interactor
- FOLe0pathogen
- Outcome
- FOL propagulese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- performed even better when combined with neeme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments PL–TH, PL and TH reduced FOL propagules and M. javanica juveniles in the roots and performed even better when combined with neem in both tomato cultivars”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
TH reduced Fusarium propagules in tomato roots, with stronger performance alongside neem.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- THe0
- Interactor
- FOLe0pathogen
- Outcome
- FOL propagulese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- performed even better when combined with neeme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments PL–TH, PL and TH reduced FOL propagules and M. javanica juveniles in the roots and performed even better when combined with neem in both tomato cultivars”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
PL–TH reduced M. javanica juveniles in tomato roots, with stronger performance alongside neem.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- PL–THe0
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae0pathogen
- Outcome
- M. javanica juvenilese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- performed even better when combined with neeme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments PL–TH, PL and TH reduced FOL propagules and M. javanica juveniles in the roots and performed even better when combined with neem in both tomato cultivars”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
PL reduced M. javanica juveniles in tomato roots, with stronger performance alongside neem.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- PLe0
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae0pathogen
- Outcome
- M. javanica juvenilese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- performed even better when combined with neeme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments PL–TH, PL and TH reduced FOL propagules and M. javanica juveniles in the roots and performed even better when combined with neem in both tomato cultivars”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
TH reduced M. javanica juveniles in tomato roots, with stronger performance alongside neem.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- THe0
- Interactor
- M. javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae0pathogen
- Outcome
- M. javanica juvenilese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- performed even better when combined with neeme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments PL–TH, PL and TH reduced FOL propagules and M. javanica juveniles in the roots and performed even better when combined with neem in both tomato cultivars”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend resistant tomato hosts combined with biological control agents and organic amendments to manage both pathogens.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- RKNe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- FOLe0pathogen
- Outcome
- a host that is resistant combined with biological control agents and organic amendments can be used in the management of RKN and FOLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a host that is resistant combined with biological control agents and organic amendments can be used in the management of RKN and FOL in tomato production”
The same questions in other papers
Purpureocillium lilacinum · Meloidogyne javanica · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
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See all 9 papers →Trichoderma harzianum · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
41 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
41 papers more in this group
See all 45 papers →Purpureocillium lilacinum · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 7 papers →Trichoderma harzianum · Meloidogyne javanica · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
10 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.