Abstract
Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) is widely prevalent in all the season in and around Gangotri valley. Three important commercial cultivars of apple namely, ‘Red Delicious’, ‘Royal Delicious’, and ‘Golden Delicious’ were screened against post-harvest rot causing fungi. Fruits of the cv. Red Delicious developed more scab lesions than those of ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’. Scab lesions gradually increased in all the fruits of Delicious cultivars stored at ambient temperature. The rate of lesion expansion was inversely related to the number of lesions on the fruit. Scabbed fruits showed pronounced shriveling as compared to healthy fruits. Other fungal pathogens associated with scab lesion were identified as Trichothecium roseum, Penicillium expansum, Glomerella cingulata, Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia spp. which were responsible for fruit decay in storage. ‘Red Delicious’ was highly susceptible to most of the post-harvest pathogens. Postharvest sprays of flusilazole (0.015%) bitertanol (0.075%) and carbandazim (0.05%) were effective in controlling storage scab and other rotting fungi. Biocontrol agents effective against P. expansum and B. cinerea were isolated from apple leaves, and a quantitative relation between antagonists and pathogen inoculum concentration was determined. Bitertanol (0.075%) and Penconazole (0.05%) were highly effective as pre-harvest sprays for inhibiting scab lesions after 30, 45 and 60 days of storage at room temperature. In protective spray programme, propineb (0.4%) was highly effective for storage rot even after 60 days. Thiophanate methyl (0.10%) was effective against development of storage scab and fruit rot. Aonla leaf extract, garlic extract, bitertanol and carbendazim completely inhibited the storage scab and fruit rot up to 60 days during post-harvest dip treatment. It could be suggested that antagonist, plant product and fungicides could make them an excellent treatment for controlling postharvest losses of apple fruits and increase the shelf-life of apple.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Apple scab was prevalent around Gangotri valley.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticae0 - Interactor
- Venturia inaequalis
Venturia inaequalise0pathogen - Outcome
- Apple scabe0
- Setting
- Gangotri valleye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) is widely prevalent in all the season in and around Gangotri valley”
Claim · model-written summary
Red Delicious developed more scab lesions than the stated comparator cultivars.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Material
- Red Deliciouse0
- Outcome
- scab lesionse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruits of the cv. Red Delicious developed more scab lesions than those of ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’”
e1“cultivars of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Scab lesions increased during ambient storage.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Material
- Delicious cultivarse0
- Outcome
- Scab lesionse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- ambient temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scab lesions gradually increased in all the fruits of Delicious cultivars stored at ambient temperature”
e1“cultivars of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Lesion expansion rate was inversely related to lesion number.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Outcome
- rate of lesion expansione0
- Qualifier
- inversely related to the number of lesionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate of lesion expansion was inversely related to the number of lesions on the fruit”
e1“cultivars of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Scabbed fruit shriveled more than healthy fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- shrivelinge0
- Direction
- pronouncede0
- Comparator
- healthy fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scabbed fruits showed pronounced shriveling as compared to healthy fruits”
e1“cultivars of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichothecium roseum, Penicillium expansum and Glomerella cingulata were associated with scab lesions and storage decay.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Interactor
- Trichothecium roseum
Trichothecium roseume0pathogen - Second interactor
- Penicillium expansum
Penicillium expansume0pathogen - Outcome
- fruit decay in storagee0
- Qualifier
- Glomerella cingulata, Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia spp.e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Other fungal pathogens associated with scab lesion were identified as Trichothecium roseum, Penicillium expansum, Glomerella cingulata, Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia spp. which were responsible for fruit decay in storage”
e1“cultivars of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Red Delicious was highly susceptible to most postharvest pathogens.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Material
- ‘Red Delicious’e0
- Interactor
- post-harvest pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- highly susceptible to most of the post-harvest pathogense0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Red Delicious’ was highly susceptible to most of the post-harvest pathogens”
e1“cultivars of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest flusilazole spray controlled storage scab and rotting fungi.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- flusilazole (0.015%)e0
- Interactor
- rotting fungie0pathogen
- Outcome
- storage scab and other rotting fungie0
- Direction
- controllinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Postharvest sprays of flusilazole (0.015%) bitertanol (0.075%) and carbandazim (0.05%) were effective in controlling storage scab and other rotting fungi”
e1“cultivars of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest bitertanol spray controlled storage scab and rotting fungi.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- bitertanol (0.075%)e0
- Interactor
- rotting fungie0pathogen
- Outcome
- storage scab and other rotting fungie0
- Direction
- controllinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Postharvest sprays of flusilazole (0.015%) bitertanol (0.075%) and carbandazim (0.05%) were effective in controlling storage scab and other rotting fungi”
e1“cultivars of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest carbandazim spray controlled storage scab and rotting fungi.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- carbandazim (0.05%)e0
- Interactor
- rotting fungie0pathogen
- Outcome
- storage scab and other rotting fungie0
- Direction
- controllinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Postharvest sprays of flusilazole (0.015%) bitertanol (0.075%) and carbandazim (0.05%) were effective in controlling storage scab and other rotting fungi”
e1“cultivars of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Biocontrol agents against P. expansum and B. cinerea were isolated from apple leaves.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Interactor
- P. expansumPenicillium expansume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- Biocontrol agents effective against P. expansum and B. cinerea were isolatede0
- Comparator
- P. expansum and B. cinereae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biocontrol agents effective against P. expansum and B. cinerea were isolated from apple leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonist and pathogen inoculum concentrations had a quantified relation.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Interactor
- pathogene0pathogen
- Second interactor
- antagonistse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- pathogen inoculum concentratione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a quantitative relation between antagonists and pathogen inoculum concentration was determined”
e1“apple leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest bitertanol inhibited scab lesions after storage.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Bitertanol (0.075%)e0
- Outcome
- scab lesionse0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
- Qualifier
- after 30, 45 and 60 days of storage at room temperaturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bitertanol (0.075%) and Penconazole (0.05%) were highly effective as pre-harvest sprays for inhibiting scab lesions after 30, 45 and 60 days of storage at room temperature”
e1“cultivars of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest Penconazole inhibited scab lesions after storage.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Penconazole (0.05%)e0
- Outcome
- scab lesionse0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
- Qualifier
- after 30, 45 and 60 days of storage at room temperaturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bitertanol (0.075%) and Penconazole (0.05%) were highly effective as pre-harvest sprays for inhibiting scab lesions after 30, 45 and 60 days of storage at room temperature”
e1“cultivars of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Propineb protective spray controlled storage rot after 60 days.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- propineb (0.4%)e0
- Outcome
- storage rote0
- Direction
- highly effectivee0
- Qualifier
- even after 60 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In protective spray programme, propineb (0.4%) was highly effective for storage rot even after 60 days”
e1“cultivars of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiophanate methyl controlled storage scab and fruit rot.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Thiophanate methyl (0.10%)e0
- Outcome
- storage scab and fruit rote0
- Direction
- effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thiophanate methyl (0.10%) was effective against development of storage scab and fruit rot”
e1“cultivars of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Aonla leaf extract dip completely inhibited scab and rot for up to 60 days.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Aonla leaf extracte0
- Outcome
- storage scab and fruit rote0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- up to 60 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aonla leaf extract, garlic extract, bitertanol and carbendazim completely inhibited the storage scab and fruit rot up to 60 days during post-harvest dip treatment”
e1“cultivars of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract dip completely inhibited scab and rot for up to 60 days.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- garlic extracte0
- Outcome
- storage scab and fruit rote0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- up to 60 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aonla leaf extract, garlic extract, bitertanol and carbendazim completely inhibited the storage scab and fruit rot up to 60 days during post-harvest dip treatment”
e1“cultivars of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Bitertanol dip completely inhibited scab and rot for up to 60 days.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- bitertanole0
- Outcome
- storage scab and fruit rote0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- up to 60 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aonla leaf extract, garlic extract, bitertanol and carbendazim completely inhibited the storage scab and fruit rot up to 60 days during post-harvest dip treatment”
e1“cultivars of apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim dip completely inhibited scab and rot for up to 60 days.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- carbendazime0
- Outcome
- storage scab and fruit rote0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- up to 60 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aonla leaf extract, garlic extract, bitertanol and carbendazim completely inhibited the storage scab and fruit rot up to 60 days during post-harvest dip treatment”
e1“cultivars of apple”
The same questions in other papers
thiophanate-methyl · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →penconazole · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →flusilazole · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
propineb · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →carbendazim · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →botanical · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
35 papers more in this group
See all 39 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.