Abstract
SUMMARY A gel formulation containing carbendazim and triadimefon completely eradicated infection from scraped or unscraped cankers and none became re‐infected. Paint formulations containing mercuric oxide or octhilinone completely eradicated infection from scraped cankers but 30–50% of unscraped cankers receiving these treatments became re‐infected. Scraping alone encouraged callus tissue formation but did not greatly reduce infection. Fungicide moved from gels into the wood beneath cankers and persisted there for up to 6 months; movement of fungicide from mercuric oxide or octhilinone paints was minimal. Carbendazim was more effective than thiophanate‐methyl and xanthan gum than sodium alginate or alginate ester as fungicide and gel component respectively. Rainfall shortly after treatment probably aided movement of fungicide from gels into the wood but salt formation, by incorporation of acid, did little to improve fungicide performance. Unequivocal assessment of efficacy of canker treatment requires data on canker area changes, movement and persistence of active ingredient in the wood and extent of re‐infection after 12 months.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
A gel formulation with carbendazim and triadimefon eradicated infection from scraped or unscraped cankers, with no re-infection
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- gel formulation containing carbendazim and triadimefone0
- Outcome
- infectione0
- Direction
- completely eradicatede0
- Qualifier
- from scraped or unscraped cankerse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nectria cankers on apple trees”
e0“A gel formulation containing carbendazim and triadimefon completely eradicated infection from scraped or unscraped cankers and none became re‐infected”
Claim · model-written summary
Paint formulations with mercuric oxide or octhilinone completely eradicated infection from scraped cankers
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Paint formulations containing mercuric oxide or octhilinonee0
- Outcome
- infectione0
- Direction
- completely eradicatede0
- Qualifier
- from scraped cankerse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nectria cankers on apple trees”
e0“Paint formulations containing mercuric oxide or octhilinone completely eradicated infection from scraped cankers but 30–50% of unscraped cankers receiving these treatments became re‐infected”
Claim · model-written summary
Paint formulations with mercuric oxide or octhilinone left 30–50% of unscraped cankers re-infected
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Paint formulations containing mercuric oxide or octhilinonee0
- Outcome
- unscraped cankerse0
- Value
- 30–50%e0
- Qualifier
- re‐infectede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nectria cankers on apple trees”
e0“Paint formulations containing mercuric oxide or octhilinone completely eradicated infection from scraped cankers but 30–50% of unscraped cankers receiving these treatments became re‐infected”
Claim · model-written summary
Scraping alone encouraged callus tissue formation
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Scraping alonee0
- Outcome
- callus tissue formatione0
- Direction
- encouragede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nectria cankers on apple trees”
e0“Scraping alone encouraged callus tissue formation but did not greatly reduce infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Scraping alone did not greatly reduce infection
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Scraping alonee0
- Outcome
- infectione0
- Direction
- did not greatly reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nectria cankers on apple trees”
e0“Scraping alone encouraged callus tissue formation but did not greatly reduce infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide moved from gels into the wood beneath cankers
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Fungicide moved from gels into the wood beneath cankerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nectria cankers on apple trees”
e0“Fungicide moved from gels into the wood beneath cankers and persisted there for up to 6 months”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide from gels persisted in the wood for up to 6 months
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- persisted theree0
- Value
- for up to 6 monthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nectria cankers on apple trees”
e0“Fungicide moved from gels into the wood beneath cankers and persisted there for up to 6 months”
Claim · model-written summary
Movement of fungicide from mercuric oxide or octhilinone paints into the wood was minimal compared with gels
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- mercuric oxide or octhilinone paintse0
- Outcome
- movement of fungicidee0
- Direction
- minimale0
- Comparator
- gelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nectria cankers on apple trees”
e0“Fungicide moved from gels into the wood beneath cankers and persisted there for up to 6 months; movement of fungicide from mercuric oxide or octhilinone paints was minimal”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim was more effective than thiophanate-methyl as fungicide
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Carbendazime0
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- thiophanate‐methyle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nectria cankers on apple trees”
e0“Carbendazim was more effective than thiophanate‐methyl and xanthan gum than sodium alginate or alginate ester as fungicide and gel component respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Xanthan gum was more effective than sodium alginate or alginate ester as gel component
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- xanthan gume0
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- sodium alginate or alginate estere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nectria cankers on apple trees”
e0“Carbendazim was more effective than thiophanate‐methyl and xanthan gum than sodium alginate or alginate ester as fungicide and gel component respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt formation by incorporation of acid did little to improve fungicide performance
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- salt formation, by incorporation of acide0
- Outcome
- fungicide performancee0
- Direction
- did little to improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nectria cankers on apple trees”
e0“salt formation, by incorporation of acid, did little to improve fungicide performance”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainfall shortly after treatment probably aided movement of fungicide from gels into the wood
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Rainfall shortly after treatmente0
- Outcome
- movement of fungicide from gels into the woode0
- Direction
- aidede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nectria cankers on apple trees”
e0“Rainfall shortly after treatment probably aided movement of fungicide from gels into the wood”
Claim · model-written summary
Unequivocal assessment of canker treatment efficacy requires data on canker area changes, movement and persistence of active ingredient in the wood, and re-infection after 12 months
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- data on canker area changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nectria cankers on apple trees”
e0“Unequivocal assessment of efficacy of canker treatment requires data on canker area changes, movement and persistence of active ingredient in the wood and extent of re‐infection after 12 months”
The same questions in other papers
carbendazim · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.