Abstract
A high Cd-tolerant dark septate endophyte (DSE), Exophiala pisciphila, was inoculated into maize (Zea mays L.) roots under Cd stress. The Cd content, enzymes activity and thiol compound content relevant to glutathione (GSH) metabolism in maize leaves were analyzed. The Cd content in maize shoots increased with increasing Cd stress, but the DSE significantly reduced the Cd content at the 40 mg/kg Cd treatment. Cd stress increased the enzyme activity of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as the thiol compound contents of sulfur, thiols (-SH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The content of reduced GSH and the GSH/GSSG ratio reached a peak at the 5 mg/kg Cd treatment but then decreased with increasing Cd stress. Furthermore, the DSE significantly enhanced the GR and GSH-Px activity and increased the contents of -SH and GSH under low Cd stress (5 and 10 mg/kg), but decreased the γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GST activity under high Cd stress (20 and 40 mg/kg). Highly positive correlations between the Cd content with enzymes activity and enzymes activity with thiol compound content were observed. Results indicated that DSE played a role in activating GSH metabolism in maize leaves under Cd stress.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cd content in maize shoots increased with increasing Cd stress.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Cd content in maize shoots increased with increasing Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The DSE significantly reduced Cd content in maize shoots at the 40 mg/kg Cd treatment.
- Treatment
- the DSEe0
- Interactor
- DSEe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Cd contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 40 mg/kg Cd treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“the DSE significantly reduced the Cd content at the 40 mg/kg Cd treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd stress increased the activity of glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase in maize leaves.
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- enzyme activity of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Cd stress increased the enzyme activity of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as the thiol compound contents of sulfur, thiols (-SH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd stress increased the contents of sulfur, thiols and oxidized glutathione in maize leaves.
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- thiol compound contents of sulfur, thiols (-SH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Cd stress increased the enzyme activity of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as the thiol compound contents of sulfur, thiols (-SH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced GSH content and the GSH/GSSG ratio peaked at 5 mg/kg Cd and then decreased with increasing Cd stress.
- Outcome
- content of reduced GSH and the GSH/GSSG ratioe0
- Direction
- reached a peake0
- Qualifier
- 5 mg/kg Cd treatment but then decreased with increasing Cd stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“The content of reduced GSH and the GSH/GSSG ratio reached a peak at the 5 mg/kg Cd treatment but then decreased with increasing Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low Cd stress (5 and 10 mg/kg) the DSE significantly enhanced GR and GSH-Px activity in maize.
- Treatment
- the DSEe0
- Interactor
- DSEe0symbiont
- Outcome
- GR and GSH-Px activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- low Cd stress (5 and 10 mg/kg)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“the DSE significantly enhanced the GR and GSH-Px activity and increased the contents of -SH and GSH under low Cd stress (5 and 10 mg/kg)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low Cd stress (5 and 10 mg/kg) the DSE increased the contents of -SH and GSH in maize.
- Treatment
- the DSEe0
- Interactor
- DSEe0symbiont
- Outcome
- contents of -SH and GSHe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- low Cd stress (5 and 10 mg/kg)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“the DSE significantly enhanced the GR and GSH-Px activity and increased the contents of -SH and GSH under low Cd stress (5 and 10 mg/kg)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high Cd stress (20 and 40 mg/kg) the DSE decreased gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GST activity in maize.
- Treatment
- the DSEe0
- Interactor
- DSEe0symbiont
- Outcome
- γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GST activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- high Cd stress (20 and 40 mg/kg)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“the DSE significantly enhanced the GR and GSH-Px activity and increased the contents of -SH and GSH under low Cd stress (5 and 10 mg/kg), but decreased the γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GST activity under high Cd stress (20 and 40 mg/kg)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd content correlated highly positively with enzyme activity, and enzyme activity with thiol compound content.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Highly positive correlations between the Cd content with enzymes activity and enzymes activity with thiol compound content were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the DSE played a role in activating GSH metabolism in maize leaves under Cd stress.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DSE played a role in activating GSH metabolism in maize leaves under Cd stress”
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