Abstract
Effects of abscisic acid(ABA) and temperature on the anthocyanin accumulation and phenylalanine ammonia Iyase(PAL) activity were investigated in seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana. In time course study, exogenous application of ABA $(50-1000\;{\mu}M)$ led to a noticeable increase in anthocyanin pigments which persisted over the following 5 days. Anthocyanins increased in concert with the chlorophyll loss. The activity of PAL, a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway, increased on exposure to ABA and reached maximum on the 4th day, This result shows that anthocyanin synthesis and PAL activity have a close physiological relationships. In the effects of temperatures ($10^{\circ}C,\;17^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C$and $30^{\circ}C$) on anthocyanin accumulation and PAL activity in seedlings, a moderate-low temperatures ($17^{\circ}C$) enhanced both anthocyanin content and PAL activity, whereas elevated temperatures ($30^{\circ}C$) showed low levels of anthocyanin and PAL activity, suggesting a correlation between temperature-induced anthocyanin synthesis and the accumulation of PAL mRNA. Simultaneous application of ABA with temperatures Induced higher anthocyanin synthesis and PAL activity in seedlings than ABA or temperature stress alone. Moderate-low temperature with ABA exposure elicited the maximal induction of anthocyanin synthesis and PAL activity. Therefore, ABA treatment significantly increased thermotolerance in .A. thalinan seedlings. Ethephon and ABA showed similar mode of action in physiological effects on anthocyanin accumulation and PAL activity. Our data support that anthocyanins may be protective in preventing damage caused by environmental stresses and play an important role in the acquisition of freezing tolerance.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased anthocyanin pigments for the following five days.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Treatment
- exogenous application of ABA $(50-1000\;{\mu}M)$e0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin pigmentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- following 5 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“exogenous application of ABA $(50-1000\;{\mu}M)$ led to a noticeable increase in anthocyanin pigments which persisted over the following 5 days.”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocyanins increased as chlorophyll was lost.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- Anthocyaninse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- chlorophyll losse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“Anthocyanins increased in concert with the chlorophyll loss.”
Claim · model-written summary
PAL activity increased under ABA and peaked on day four.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Gene
- PALe0
- Outcome
- activity of PALe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 4th daye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“The activity of PAL, a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway, increased on exposure to ABA and reached maximum on the 4th day”
Claim · model-written summary
A moderate low temperature enhanced anthocyanin content and PAL activity.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- moderate-low temperatures ($17^{\circ}C$)e0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin content and PAL activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“a moderate-low temperatures ($17^{\circ}C$) enhanced both anthocyanin content and PAL activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature yielded low anthocyanin and PAL activity levels.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- elevated temperatures ($30^{\circ}C$)e0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin and PAL activitye0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“elevated temperatures ($30^{\circ}C$) showed low levels of anthocyanin and PAL activity”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA combined with temperature induced higher anthocyanin synthesis and PAL activity than either alone.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Simultaneous application of ABA with temperaturese0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin synthesis and PAL activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- ABA or temperature stress alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“Simultaneous application of ABA with temperatures Induced higher anthocyanin synthesis and PAL activity in seedlings than ABA or temperature stress alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate low temperature with ABA maximally induced anthocyanin synthesis and PAL activity.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Moderate-low temperature with ABA exposuree0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin synthesis and PAL activitye0
- Direction
- maximale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“Moderate-low temperature with ABA exposure elicited the maximal induction of anthocyanin synthesis and PAL activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA significantly increased seedling thermotolerance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- thermotolerancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“ABA treatment significantly increased thermotolerance in .A. thalinan seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon and ABA showed similar effects on anthocyanin accumulation and PAL activity.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Ethephon and ABAe0
- Outcome
- similar mode of action in physiological effects on anthocyanin accumulation and PAL activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“Ethephon and ABA showed similar mode of action in physiological effects on anthocyanin accumulation and PAL activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed anthocyanins as protective against environmental stress and involved in freezing tolerance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- freezing tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- anthocyanins may be protective in preventing damage caused by environmental stressese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“anthocyanins may be protective in preventing damage caused by environmental stresses and play an important role in the acquisition of freezing tolerance.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.