Abstract
Botrytis cinerea causes gray mold, a postharvest disease of table grapes. The ability of ozone (O3) in air to inhibit gray mold in stored grapes was reported in chamber studies, but O3 needed evaluation under commercial conditions. O3 merits attention because it is pesticide-residue free and allowed as organic by the USDA National Organic Program. Tests were conducted at three commercial facilities using pallets of 'Flame Seedless', ‘Thompson Seedless', and ‘Princess Seedless’ grapes in uncoated, corrugated fiberboard boxes containing grapes in ventilated cluster bags or hard plastic clamshell containers. Grape berries inoculated with B. cinerea were placed within grape clusters at the beginning of storage. After cold storage, the spread of infection, natural incidence of decay, and cluster appearance were evaluated. After initial pre-cooling in air, grapes were stored at -0.5 to 3°C with a day/night cycle of 100 ppb O3 (day) and 300 ppb O3 (night) for 5 to 8 weeks. At each exam, six 9-kg boxes with 9 cluster bags or 4 clamshell containers were examined. The mean number for all tested cultivars of berries adjacent to inoculated berries that became infected by the end of storage was 0.8 in the O3 atmosphere compared to 3.1 among those in air. The mean percentage for all tested cultivars of naturally decayed berries at this time in O3 was 2.4% compared to 5.8% among those in air. Cluster appearance was not harmed and storage life was extended by 2 to 3 weeks by O3. The uncoated, paper fiber corrugated boxes used in these tests reduced O3 diffusion into them more than coated corrugated fiberboard, expanded polystyrene, or corrugated plastic boxes. Selection of packaging that maximizes O3 concentrations within packages should improve control of gray mold.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
In the ozone atmosphere the mean number of adjacent berries infected by Botrytis cinerea was 0.8, compared with 3.1 in air.
- Taxon
- table grapest0
- Material
- all tested cultivarse1
- Organ / stage
- berriese1
- Treatment
- O3 atmospheree1
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- berries adjacent to inoculated berries that became infectede1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 0.8e1
- Qualifier
- 3.1e1
- Comparator
- aire1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The mean number for all tested cultivars of berries adjacent to inoculated berries that became infected by the end of storage was 0.8 in the O3 atmosphere compared to 3.1 among those in air”
e0“Botrytis cinerea causes gray mold, a postharvest disease of table grapes”
t0“COLD STORAGE OF TABLE GRAPES”
Claim · model-written summary
Naturally decayed berries were 2.4% in ozone compared with 5.8% in air.
Verbatim
e2“The mean percentage for all tested cultivars of naturally decayed berries at this time in O3 was 2.4% compared to 5.8% among those in air”
t0“COLD STORAGE OF TABLE GRAPES”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone did not harm cluster appearance during cold storage of table grapes.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e3“Cluster appearance was not harmed and storage life was extended by 2 to 3 weeks by O3”
t0“COLD STORAGE OF TABLE GRAPES”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone extended storage life of table grapes by 2 to 3 weeks.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e3“Cluster appearance was not harmed and storage life was extended by 2 to 3 weeks by O3”
t0“COLD STORAGE OF TABLE GRAPES”
Claim · model-written summary
Uncoated paper fiber corrugated boxes reduced ozone diffusion into the box more than coated fiberboard, expanded polystyrene or plastic boxes.
- Treatment
- uncoated, paper fiber corrugated boxese4
- Outcome
- O3 diffusion into theme4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Comparator
- coated corrugated fiberboard, expanded polystyrene, or corrugated plastic boxese4
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e4“The uncoated, paper fiber corrugated boxes used in these tests reduced O3 diffusion into them more than coated corrugated fiberboard, expanded polystyrene, or corrugated plastic boxes”
Claim · model-written summary
Selecting packaging that maximizes ozone concentrations within packages should improve control of gray mold on table grapes.
Verbatim
e5“Selection of packaging that maximizes O3 concentrations within packages should improve control of gray mold”
t0“COLD STORAGE OF TABLE GRAPES”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.