Abstract
Interest in sustainable self-sufficiency, particularly when considering produce has increased. Strawberries, especially particularly the seed propagated, long-day, F1 hybrids such as ‘Tarpan’ and ‘Gasana’, fit self-sufficient, sustainable production models well. They provide aesthetic as well as culinary benefits producing colorful, attractive blossoms and flavorful fruit. To determine if ‘Tarpan’ and ‘Gasana’ flowering would respond to photoperiod and nitrogen, seedlings were fertilized with 100 or 800 ppm nitrogen for 4 weeks in September beginning one week after exposure to either short days, the natural photoperiod, or long days, the natural photoperiod supplemented with 24 hours of incandescent radiation. Plants were then greenhouse forced under both photoperiods and floral phenology evaluated. Photoperiod and N fertility during floral initiation in September affected subsequent flowering of both cultivars. The response was rapid with significant differences observed 4 weeks after the commencement of treatment. Both cultivars responded with increased rate (enhanced precocity) and intensity (enhanced inflorescence/flower number) of flowering with elevated N. In ‘Gasana’ elevated N accelerated flowering by 2–3 weeks. There was a slight acceleration of flowering in lower N plants with long-day forcing, however, elevated N was much more effective in accelerating flowering than long-day forcing. In ‘Tarpan’, long-day forcing and elevated N were equally effective in accelerating flowering. Inflorescence production per plant or crown and the number of flowers per plant were enhanced with elevated N in both cultivars. Long-day forcing stimulated the number of inflorescences produced per crown in both cultivars. The number of flowers per plant in ‘Tarpan’ was also enhanced by long-day initiation or forcing. Elevated N, short-day initiation or long-day forcing enhanced the number of flowers per inflorescence in ‘Gasana’. Elevated N under long-day initiation or under short-day initiation when followed by long-day forcing enhanced the number of flowers per inflorescence in ‘Tarpan’.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated nitrogen increased flowering rate and intensity in Tarpan and Gasana.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- elevated Ne0
- Outcome
- rate (enhanced precocity) and intensity (enhanced inflorescence/flower number) of floweringe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“Both cultivars responded with increased rate (enhanced precocity) and intensity (enhanced inflorescence/flower number) of flowering with elevated N.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated nitrogen accelerated Gasana flowering by 2–3 weeks.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- ‘Gasana’e0
- Treatment
- elevated Ne0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
- Value
- 2–3 weekse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“In ‘Gasana’ elevated N accelerated flowering by 2–3 weeks.”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-day forcing slightly accelerated flowering in lower-nitrogen plants.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- long-day forcinge0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- acceleratione0
- Qualifier
- lower N plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“There was a slight acceleration of flowering in lower N plants with long-day forcing”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated nitrogen was more effective than long-day forcing at accelerating flowering.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- elevated Ne0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- long-day forcinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“elevated N was much more effective in accelerating flowering than long-day forcing.”
Claim · model-written summary
In Tarpan, long-day forcing and elevated nitrogen were equally effective in accelerating flowering.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- ‘Tarpan’e0
- Treatment
- long-day forcinge0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- equally effectivee0
- Comparator
- elevated Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“In ‘Tarpan’, long-day forcing and elevated N were equally effective in accelerating flowering.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated nitrogen increased inflorescences per plant or crown and flowers per plant in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- elevated Ne0
- Outcome
- Inflorescence production per plant or crown and the number of flowers per plante0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“Inflorescence production per plant or crown and the number of flowers per plant were enhanced with elevated N in both cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-day forcing increased inflorescences per crown in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Long-day forcinge0
- Outcome
- number of inflorescences produced per crowne0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“Long-day forcing stimulated the number of inflorescences produced per crown in both cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-day initiation or forcing increased flowers per plant in Tarpan.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- ‘Tarpan’e0
- Treatment
- long-day initiation or forcinge0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per plante0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“The number of flowers per plant in ‘Tarpan’ was also enhanced by long-day initiation or forcing.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated nitrogen increased flowers per inflorescence in Gasana.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- ‘Gasana’e0
- Treatment
- Elevated Ne0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per inflorescencee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“Elevated N, short-day initiation or long-day forcing enhanced the number of flowers per inflorescence in ‘Gasana’.”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-day initiation increased flowers per inflorescence in Gasana.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- ‘Gasana’e0
- Treatment
- short-day initiatione0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per inflorescencee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“Elevated N, short-day initiation or long-day forcing enhanced the number of flowers per inflorescence in ‘Gasana’.”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-day forcing increased flowers per inflorescence in Gasana.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- ‘Gasana’e0
- Treatment
- long-day forcinge0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per inflorescencee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“Elevated N, short-day initiation or long-day forcing enhanced the number of flowers per inflorescence in ‘Gasana’.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated nitrogen under long-day initiation increased flowers per inflorescence in Tarpan.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- ‘Tarpan’e0
- Treatment
- Elevated N under long-day initiatione0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per inflorescencee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“Elevated N under long-day initiation or under short-day initiation when followed by long-day forcing enhanced the number of flowers per inflorescence in ‘Tarpan’.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated nitrogen under short-day initiation followed by long-day forcing increased flowers per inflorescence in Tarpan.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- ‘Tarpan’e0
- Treatment
- Elevated Ne0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per inflorescencee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- under short-day initiation when followed by long-day forcinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“strawberry”
e0“Elevated N under long-day initiation or under short-day initiation when followed by long-day forcing enhanced the number of flowers per inflorescence in ‘Tarpan’.”
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