Abstract
SummaryPhotoperiod and temperature control of flowering in a number of perpetual-flowering or everbearing strawberry cultivars of widely varying pedigree has been studied in controlled environments. Flower bud initiation in the cultivars ‘Flamenco’, ‘Ridder’, ‘Rita’ and ‘Rondo’ was significantly advanced by long-day (LD) conditions at temperatures of 15°C and 21ºC; while, at 27ºC, flowering took place under LD conditions only. Some plants of the seed-propagated F1-hybrid ‘Elan’, raised at 21°C, also flowered under short-day (SD) conditions at 27°C, but reverted to the vegetative state after a few weeks when maintained under these conditions. When vegetative plants growing in SD at 27°C were transferred to LD conditions at the same temperature, they consistently initiated flower buds and started flowering after about 4 weeks. At such a high temperature, flowering could thus be turned on and off by switching between SD and LD conditions. This applied to all the cultivars studied. Also the cultivar ‘Everest’, which was tested only at 21°C, produced similar results. Night interruption for 2 h was effective in bringing about the LD response. At 9°C, flowering was substantially delayed, especially in ‘Flamenco’ and, at this temperature, flowering was unaffected by photoperiod. Runner formation was generally promoted by high temperature and SD conditions, but the photoperiodic effect varied between experiments. We conclude that everbearing strawberry cultivars, in general, whether of the older European-type or the modern Californian-type originating from crosses with selections of Fragaria virginiana ssp. glauca, are qualitative (obligatory) LD plants at high temperature (27°C), and quantitative LD plants at intermediate temperatures. Only at temperatures below 10°C are these cultivars day-neutral.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Long days significantly advanced flower bud initiation in four cultivars at 15°C and 21ºC.
- Taxon
- strawberries
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Material
- ‘Flamenco’, ‘Ridder’, ‘Rita’ and ‘Rondo’e0
- Treatment
- long-day (LD) conditionse0
- Outcome
- Flower bud initiatione0
- Direction
- advancede0
- Value
- 15°C and 21ºCe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Flower bud initiation in the cultivars ‘Flamenco’, ‘Ridder’, ‘Rita’ and ‘Rondo’ was significantly advanced by long-day (LD) conditions at temperatures of 15°C and 21ºC”
t0“everbearing strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
At 27ºC these cultivars flowered only under long days.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Qualifier
- under LD conditions onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 27ºC, flowering took place under LD conditions only”
t0“everbearing strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Some Elan plants flowered under short days at 27°C and then reverted to vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- ‘Elan’e0
- Outcome
- flowered under short-day (SD) conditions at 27°C, but reverted to the vegetative statee0
- Qualifier
- after a few weekse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some plants of the seed-propagated F1-hybrid ‘Elan’, raised at 21°C, also flowered under short-day (SD) conditions at 27°C, but reverted to the vegetative state after a few weeks when maintained under these conditions”
t0“everbearing strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative plants transferred from short to long days at 27°C flowered after about four weeks.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- transferred to LD conditionse0
- Outcome
- initiated flower buds and started floweringe0
- Value
- about 4 weekse0
- Comparator
- SDe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When vegetative plants growing in SD at 27°C were transferred to LD conditions at the same temperature, they consistently initiated flower buds and started flowering after about 4 weeks”
t0“everbearing strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Two hours of night interruption induced the long-day response.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Night interruption for 2 he0
- Outcome
- LD responsee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Night interruption for 2 h was effective in bringing about the LD response”
t0“everbearing strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering was delayed at 9°C, especially in Flamenco.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- ‘Flamenco’e0
- Treatment
- 9°Ce0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 9°C, flowering was substantially delayed, especially in ‘Flamenco’”
t0“everbearing strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
Photoperiod did not affect flowering at 9°C.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- photoperiode0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at this temperature, flowering was unaffected by photoperiod”
t0“everbearing strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature and short days generally promoted runner formation.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- high temperature and SD conditionse0
- Outcome
- Runner formatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- photoperiodic effect varied between experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Runner formation was generally promoted by high temperature and SD conditions, but the photoperiodic effect varied between experiments”
t0“everbearing strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that everbearing strawberries are obligatory long-day plants at 27°C, quantitative long-day plants at intermediate temperatures, and day-neutral below 10°C.
Verbatim
e0“everbearing strawberry cultivars, in general, whether of the older European-type or the modern Californian-type originating from crosses with selections of Fragaria virginiana ssp. glauca, are qualitative (obligatory) LD plants at high temperature (27°C), and quantitative LD plants at intermediate temperatures. Only at temperatures below 10°C are these cultivars day-neutral”
The same questions in other papers
light · phenology · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results differ
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction
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- positive
- positive
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