Abstract
Kiwifruit production in Spain and Portugal is mainly developed on acid soils, where Ca supply to crops can be limited. Previous surveys in the same area concluded a widespread lack of Ca in leaves and kiwifruits; and, it is well established this nutrient is of utmost importance for fruit quality. The aim of this work is to record the changes in concentration, distribution and quantity of macronutrients in leaves and fruits and to report the effects of foliar fertilization in a high-producing orchard representative of acid soils. The experiment was conducted in Portugal on mature kiwifruit plants, weekly fertigated and alternatively supplied with foliar fertilization. Leaves and fruits analyzed for mineral concentration were sampled respectively four times and eight times from fruit set up to harvest, recording fresh and dry weight accumulation at the same time. Results showed that N and K accumulated by the fruit increased linearly through the entire growing season whereas the rate of Ca accumulation showed a sigmoid pattern, reaching its peak ten weeks after fruit set. There was a positive response to fertilization on leaf concentration of K, Ca, Mg and dry weight accumulation but a negative relationship with N concentration. This direct relationship was maintained for fruit N and K, whereas Ca and Mg was inversely related to foliar application. It seems that the more vigorous growth induced by additional fertilization reduced the Ca supply to fruit. The significance of the first weeks of fruit development on final Ca accumulation is also clearly stated.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
N and K accumulated by kiwifruit fruit increased linearly through the entire growing season.
- Taxon
- kiwifruit
Actinidia deliciosae1 - Organ / stage
- fruite2
- Outcome
- N and K accumulated by the fruite2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- linearly through the entire growing seasone2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The experiment was conducted in Portugal on mature kiwifruit plants, weekly fertigated and alternatively supplied with foliar fertilization”
e2“Results showed that N and K accumulated by the fruit increased linearly through the entire growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
The rate of Ca accumulation in kiwifruit followed a sigmoid pattern, peaking ten weeks after fruit set.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae1
- Outcome
- rate of Ca accumulatione3
- Value
- ten weeks after fruit sete3
- Qualifier
- sigmoid patterne3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The experiment was conducted in Portugal on mature kiwifruit plants, weekly fertigated and alternatively supplied with foliar fertilization”
e3“whereas the rate of Ca accumulation showed a sigmoid pattern, reaching its peak ten weeks after fruit set”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilization had a positive response on leaf concentration of K, Ca and Mg in kiwifruit.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae1
- Organ / stage
- leafe4
- Treatment
- foliar fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- leaf concentration of K, Ca, Mge4
- Direction
- positive responsee4
- Setting
- Portugale1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The experiment was conducted in Portugal on mature kiwifruit plants, weekly fertigated and alternatively supplied with foliar fertilization”
e4“There was a positive response to fertilization on leaf concentration of K, Ca, Mg and dry weight accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilization had a positive response on dry weight accumulation in kiwifruit.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae1
- Treatment
- foliar fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- dry weight accumulatione4
- Direction
- positive responsee4
- Setting
- Portugale1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The experiment was conducted in Portugal on mature kiwifruit plants, weekly fertigated and alternatively supplied with foliar fertilization”
e4“There was a positive response to fertilization on leaf concentration of K, Ca, Mg and dry weight accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilization was negatively related to leaf N concentration in kiwifruit.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae1
- Treatment
- foliar fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- N concentratione5
- Direction
- negative relationshipe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The experiment was conducted in Portugal on mature kiwifruit plants, weekly fertigated and alternatively supplied with foliar fertilization”
e5“but a negative relationship with N concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
A direct relationship with foliar application was maintained for fruit N and K.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae1
- Organ / stage
- fruite6
- Treatment
- foliar applicatione6
- Outcome
- fruit N and Ke6
- Direction
- direct relationshipe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The experiment was conducted in Portugal on mature kiwifruit plants, weekly fertigated and alternatively supplied with foliar fertilization”
e6“This direct relationship was maintained for fruit N and K, whereas Ca and Mg was inversely related to foliar application”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca and Mg in kiwifruit were inversely related to foliar application.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae1
- Treatment
- foliar applicatione6
- Outcome
- Ca and Mge6
- Direction
- inversely relatede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The experiment was conducted in Portugal on mature kiwifruit plants, weekly fertigated and alternatively supplied with foliar fertilization”
e6“This direct relationship was maintained for fruit N and K, whereas Ca and Mg was inversely related to foliar application”
Claim · model-written summary
Vigorous growth induced by additional fertilization is thought to have reduced the Ca supply to kiwifruit fruit.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae1
- Outcome
- Ca supply to fruite7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Qualifier
- the more vigorous growth induced by additional fertilizatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The experiment was conducted in Portugal on mature kiwifruit plants, weekly fertigated and alternatively supplied with foliar fertilization”
e7“It seems that the more vigorous growth induced by additional fertilization reduced the Ca supply to fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The first weeks of fruit development are significant for final Ca accumulation in kiwifruit.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae1
- Organ / stage
- first weeks of fruit developmente2
- Outcome
- final Ca accumulatione2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The experiment was conducted in Portugal on mature kiwifruit plants, weekly fertigated and alternatively supplied with foliar fertilization”
e2“The significance of the first weeks of fruit development on final Ca accumulation is also clearly stated”
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See all 8 papers →application · growth · Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.