Abstract
It is widely recognized that microbial inoculants (MI) and bio-organic fertilizers (BOFs) containing beneficial microorganisms can play an important role in improving orchard soil properties and enhancing fruit quality. However, insufficient data regarding the relevant fruit quality effects hindered the supplementary MI and BOFs in kiwifruit cultivation. Using conventional fertilization management as the control, this study investigated the impacts of supplementary applications of MI and BOFs at two gradient dosages on the harvest-time quality and cold storage characteristics of ‘Puyu’ yellow-fleshed kiwifruit. Regarding leaf physiological indices and soil pH, MI-3.0 and BOF-20 treatments significantly elevated total chlorophyll content at 60 days after flowering (DAF) (the fruit expansion stage). Leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents declined gradually during fruit development, while MI-2.0 and BOF-10 treatments markedly promoted leaf P accumulation at 20–100 DAF. Additionally, the MI-2.0 treatment significantly reduced 20–40 cm subsoil pH, which is favorable for kiwifruit plants that prefer acidic and slightly acidic conditions. On the other hand, appropriate doses of MI and BOF treatments exerted a significant effect on improving the quality of kiwifruit at the ripening stage. These effects were mainly manifested in the increased single fruit weight, firmness, dry matter content and total soluble solids (TSSs) of kiwifruit following MI-3.0 and BOF-20 treatments. Furthermore, MI-3.0 and BOF-10 notably elevated the fructose and glucose contents in both flesh and core, as well as sucrose and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents in the flesh; MI-2.0 and BOF treatments significantly increased citric and malic acids in the core and quinic acid in the flesh. During cold storage, the BOF-20 treatment not only delayed the occurrence of the ethylene peak by 20 d and significantly reduced its peak value, but also alleviated the decline in total acid content at the middle storage stage (20–40 d). Additionally, MI-2.0 and BOF-20 treatments effectively delayed kiwifruit softening at the early storage stage (0–10 d), and MI treatments maintained a high AsA content in the core during 10–20 d of cold storage. MI and BOF fertilization treatments had little effect on the dynamic change trends of sucrose synthase (SuS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and acid invertase (AI) in kiwifruit during cold storage, only exerting significant effects at specific time points. In conclusion, supplementary applications of MI and BOFs could improve kiwifruit quality at the harvest stage by positively regulating the accumulation of dry matter, soluble sugars and organic acid contents, and also have the potential to enhance the storage performance of kiwifruit. These findings provide a scientific basis for establishing an effective fertilization regime for kiwifruit.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
MI-3.0 raised leaf chlorophyll at 60 DAF.
- Taxon
- Kiwifruit
Actinidia deliciosat0 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- MI-3.0e0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Qualifier
- 60 days after flowering (DAF)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regarding leaf physiological indices and soil pH, MI-3.0 and BOF-20 treatments significantly elevated total chlorophyll content at 60 days after flowering (DAF) (the fruit expansion stage).”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
BOF-20 raised leaf chlorophyll at 60 DAF.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- BOF-20e0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Qualifier
- 60 days after flowering (DAF)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regarding leaf physiological indices and soil pH, MI-3.0 and BOF-20 treatments significantly elevated total chlorophyll content at 60 days after flowering (DAF) (the fruit expansion stage).”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf N, P and K declined during fruit development.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Outcome
- Leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contentse0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Qualifier
- during fruit developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents declined gradually during fruit development, while MI-2.0 and BOF-10 treatments markedly promoted leaf P accumulation at 20–100 DAF.”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
MI-2.0 promoted leaf P accumulation at 20–100 DAF.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- MI-2.0e0
- Outcome
- leaf P accumulatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- 20–100 DAFe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents declined gradually during fruit development, while MI-2.0 and BOF-10 treatments markedly promoted leaf P accumulation at 20–100 DAF.”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
BOF-10 promoted leaf P accumulation at 20–100 DAF.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- BOF-10e0
- Outcome
- leaf P accumulatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- 20–100 DAFe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents declined gradually during fruit development, while MI-2.0 and BOF-10 treatments markedly promoted leaf P accumulation at 20–100 DAF.”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
MI-2.0 reduced subsoil pH.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- MI-2.0e0
- Outcome
- 20–40 cm subsoil pHe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, the MI-2.0 treatment significantly reduced 20–40 cm subsoil pH, which is favorable for kiwifruit plants that prefer acidic and slightly acidic conditions.”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
MI-3.0 increased fruit weight, firmness, dry matter and soluble solids.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- MI-3.0e0
- Outcome
- single fruit weight, firmness, dry matter content and total soluble solids (TSSs)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These effects were mainly manifested in the increased single fruit weight, firmness, dry matter content and total soluble solids (TSSs) of kiwifruit following MI-3.0 and BOF-20 treatments.”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
BOF-20 increased fruit weight, firmness, dry matter and soluble solids.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- BOF-20e0
- Outcome
- single fruit weight, firmness, dry matter content and total soluble solids (TSSs)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These effects were mainly manifested in the increased single fruit weight, firmness, dry matter content and total soluble solids (TSSs) of kiwifruit following MI-3.0 and BOF-20 treatments.”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
MI-3.0 elevated fructose, glucose, sucrose and ascorbic acid in fruit.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- MI-3.0e0
- Outcome
- fructose and glucose contents in both flesh and core, as well as sucrose and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents in the fleshe0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, MI-3.0 and BOF-10 notably elevated the fructose and glucose contents in both flesh and core, as well as sucrose and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents in the flesh; MI-2.0 and BOF treatments significantly increased citric and malic acids in the core and quinic acid in the flesh.”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
BOF-10 elevated fructose, glucose, sucrose and ascorbic acid in fruit.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- BOF-10e0
- Outcome
- fructose and glucose contents in both flesh and core, as well as sucrose and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents in the fleshe0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, MI-3.0 and BOF-10 notably elevated the fructose and glucose contents in both flesh and core, as well as sucrose and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents in the flesh; MI-2.0 and BOF treatments significantly increased citric and malic acids in the core and quinic acid in the flesh.”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
MI-2.0 increased organic acids in fruit.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- MI-2.0e0
- Outcome
- citric and malic acids in the core and quinic acid in the fleshe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, MI-3.0 and BOF-10 notably elevated the fructose and glucose contents in both flesh and core, as well as sucrose and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents in the flesh; MI-2.0 and BOF treatments significantly increased citric and malic acids in the core and quinic acid in the flesh.”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
BOF treatments increased organic acids in fruit.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- BOF treatmentse0
- Outcome
- citric and malic acids in the core and quinic acid in the fleshe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, MI-3.0 and BOF-10 notably elevated the fructose and glucose contents in both flesh and core, as well as sucrose and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents in the flesh; MI-2.0 and BOF treatments significantly increased citric and malic acids in the core and quinic acid in the flesh.”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
BOF-20 delayed the ethylene peak by 20 d.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- BOF-20e0
- Outcome
- occurrence of the ethylene peake0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 20 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During cold storage, the BOF-20 treatment not only delayed the occurrence of the ethylene peak by 20 d and significantly reduced its peak value, but also alleviated the decline in total acid content at the middle storage stage (20–40 d).”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
BOF-20 reduced the ethylene peak value.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- BOF-20e0
- Outcome
- peak valuee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During cold storage, the BOF-20 treatment not only delayed the occurrence of the ethylene peak by 20 d and significantly reduced its peak value, but also alleviated the decline in total acid content at the middle storage stage (20–40 d).”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
BOF-20 alleviated loss of total acid in mid storage.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- BOF-20e0
- Outcome
- total acid contente0
- Direction
- alleviated the declinee0
- Qualifier
- 20–40 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During cold storage, the BOF-20 treatment not only delayed the occurrence of the ethylene peak by 20 d and significantly reduced its peak value, but also alleviated the decline in total acid content at the middle storage stage (20–40 d).”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
MI-2.0 delayed early storage softening.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- MI-2.0e0
- Outcome
- kiwifruit softeninge0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Qualifier
- 0–10 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, MI-2.0 and BOF-20 treatments effectively delayed kiwifruit softening at the early storage stage (0–10 d), and MI treatments maintained a high AsA content in the core during 10–20 d of cold storage.”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
BOF-20 delayed early storage softening.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- BOF-20e0
- Outcome
- kiwifruit softeninge0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Qualifier
- 0–10 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, MI-2.0 and BOF-20 treatments effectively delayed kiwifruit softening at the early storage stage (0–10 d), and MI treatments maintained a high AsA content in the core during 10–20 d of cold storage.”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
MI maintained high core ascorbic acid during storage.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Organ / stage
- coree0
- Treatment
- MI treatmentse0
- Outcome
- AsA contente0
- Direction
- highe0
- Qualifier
- 10–20 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, MI-2.0 and BOF-20 treatments effectively delayed kiwifruit softening at the early storage stage (0–10 d), and MI treatments maintained a high AsA content in the core during 10–20 d of cold storage.”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
MI and BOF had little effect on storage enzyme trends except at specific times.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosat0
- Treatment
- MI and BOF fertilization treatmentse0
- Outcome
- dynamic change trends of sucrose synthase (SuS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and acid invertase (AI)e0
- Direction
- little effecte0
- Qualifier
- only exerting significant effects at specific time pointse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MI and BOF fertilization treatments had little effect on the dynamic change trends of sucrose synthase (SuS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and acid invertase (AI) in kiwifruit during cold storage, only exerting significant effects at specific time points.”
t0“‘Puyu’ Kiwifruit”
The same questions in other papers
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.