Abstract
Complex toxic effects of Cd2+, Zn2+, and acid rain on growth of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) were studied in a pot experiment by measurement of fresh weights of the plants, determination of surperoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the plant organs, and observation of injury symptoms. The experimental results demonstrated that all treatments of Cd2+, Zn2+, and/or acid rain significantly decreased fresh weights of kidney bean and caused toxic effects on growth of the plants, especially higher amounts of Cd2+ and Zn2+ and higher acidity of acid rain. Combination of these three pollutant factors resulted in more serious toxic effects than any single pollutant and than combinations of any two pollutants. SOD, POD, and MDA in the plant organs changed with different pollution levels, but MDA content in the leaves showed the best relationship between the pollution levels and toxic effects.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Cd2+ significantly reduced kidney bean fresh weight.
- Taxon
- kidney bean
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- Cd2+e0
- Outcome
- fresh weightse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all treatments of Cd2+, Zn2+, and/or acid rain significantly decreased fresh weights of kidney bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn2+ significantly reduced kidney bean fresh weight.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Zn2+e0
- Outcome
- fresh weightse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all treatments of Cd2+, Zn2+, and/or acid rain significantly decreased fresh weights of kidney bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid rain significantly reduced kidney bean fresh weight.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- acid raine0
- Outcome
- fresh weightse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all treatments of Cd2+, Zn2+, and/or acid rain significantly decreased fresh weights of kidney bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher metal amounts and rain acidity caused stronger toxic growth effects.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- higher amounts of Cd2+ and Zn2+ and higher acidity of acid raine0
- Outcome
- toxic effects on growthe0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“caused toxic effects on growth of the plants, especially higher amounts of Cd2+ and Zn2+ and higher acidity of acid rain”
e1“all treatments of Cd2+, Zn2+, and/or acid rain significantly decreased fresh weights of kidney bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining all three pollutants caused more severe toxicity than one or two pollutants.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Combination of these three pollutant factorse0
- Outcome
- toxic effectse0
- Direction
- more seriouse0
- Comparator
- any single pollutant and than combinations of any two pollutantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combination of these three pollutant factors resulted in more serious toxic effects than any single pollutant and than combinations of any two pollutants.”
t0“kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L)”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD, POD and MDA in kidney bean organs varied with pollution level.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- plant organse0
- Treatment
- different pollution levelse0
- Outcome
- SOD, POD, and MDAe0
- Direction
- changede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SOD, POD, and MDA in the plant organs changed with different pollution levels”
t0“kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf MDA content had the best relationship with pollution levels and toxic effects.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- pollution levelse0
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MDA content in the leaves showed the best relationship between the pollution levels and toxic effects.”
t0“kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L)”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium(2+) · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
rainfall · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.