Abstract
Seed coating by a phenazine-producing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, induced dose-dependent inhibition of germination in wheat and barley seeds, but did not inhibit germination of rice or cucumber seeds. In wheat seedlings grown from inoculated seeds, phenazine production levels near the seed were higher than in the roots. Deletion of the gacS gene reduced transcription from the genes required for phenazine synthesis, the regulatory phzI gene and the biosynthetic phzA gene. The inhibition of seed germination and the induction of systemic disease resistance against a bacterial soft-rot pathogen, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, were impaired in the gacS and phzA mutants of P chlororaphis O6. Culture filtrates of the gacS and phzA mutants of P chlororaphis 06 did not inhibit seed germination of wheat, whereas that of the wild-type was inhibitory. Our results showed that the production of phenazines by P chlororaphis O6 was correlated with reduced germination of barley and wheat seeds, and the level of systemic resistance in tobacco against E. carotovora.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Seed coating with Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 inhibited wheat germination in a dose-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Seed coating by a phenazine-producing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- dose-dependent inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed coating by a phenazine-producing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, induced dose-dependent inhibition of germination in wheat and barley seeds, but did not inhibit germination of rice or cucumber seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed coating with Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 inhibited barley germination in a dose-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- barley
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Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- Seed coating by a phenazine-producing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- dose-dependent inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Seed coating by a phenazine-producing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, induced dose-dependent inhibition of germination in wheat and barley seeds, but did not inhibit germination of rice or cucumber seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed coating did not inhibit rice germination.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Seed coating by a phenazine-producing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- did not inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed coating by a phenazine-producing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, induced dose-dependent inhibition of germination in wheat and barley seeds, but did not inhibit germination of rice or cucumber seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed coating did not inhibit cucumber germination.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- Seed coating by a phenazine-producing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- did not inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed coating by a phenazine-producing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, induced dose-dependent inhibition of germination in wheat and barley seeds, but did not inhibit germination of rice or cucumber seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenazine production near the seed exceeded that in roots of inoculated wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- seede1
- Outcome
- phenazine production levelse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- rootse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In wheat seedlings grown from inoculated seeds, phenazine production levels near the seed were higher than in the roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deleting gacS reduced transcription of phenazine synthesis genes phzI and phzA in the inoculant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Deletion of the gacS genee2
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6e0symbiont
- Gene
- gacS genee2
- Outcome
- transcription from the genes required for phenazine synthesise2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Deletion of the gacS gene reduced transcription from the genes required for phenazine synthesis, the regulatory phzI gene and the biosynthetic phzA gene.”
e0“Seed coating by a phenazine-producing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, induced dose-dependent inhibition of germination in wheat and barley seeds, but did not inhibit germination of rice or cucumber seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
gacS mutant impaired seed germination inhibition and systemic disease resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- gacSe3
- Interactor
- Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora
Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorume3pathogen - Second interactor
- Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition of seed germination and the induction of systemic disease resistancee3
- Direction
- impairede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The inhibition of seed germination and the induction of systemic disease resistance against a bacterial soft-rot pathogen, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, were impaired in the gacS and phzA mutants of P chlororaphis O6.”
e0“Seed coating by a phenazine-producing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, induced dose-dependent inhibition of germination in wheat and barley seeds, but did not inhibit germination of rice or cucumber seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
phzA mutant impaired seed germination inhibition and systemic disease resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- phzA mutantse3
- Interactor
- Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovoraPectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorume3pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition of seed germination and the induction of systemic disease resistancee3
- Direction
- impairede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The inhibition of seed germination and the induction of systemic disease resistance against a bacterial soft-rot pathogen, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, were impaired in the gacS and phzA mutants of P chlororaphis O6.”
e0“Seed coating by a phenazine-producing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, induced dose-dependent inhibition of germination in wheat and barley seeds, but did not inhibit germination of rice or cucumber seeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutant culture filtrates did not inhibit wheat germination, while wild-type filtrate did.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- Culture filtrates of the gacS and phzA mutantse4
- Interactor
- P chlororaphis 06Pseudomonas chlororaphise4symbiont
- Outcome
- seed germinatione4
- Direction
- did not inhibite4
- Comparator
- wild-typee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Culture filtrates of the gacS and phzA mutants of P chlororaphis 06 did not inhibit seed germination of wheat, whereas that of the wild-type was inhibitory.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenazine production correlated with reduced barley germination.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree5
- Interactor
- P chlororaphis O6Pseudomonas chlororaphise5symbiont
- Compound
- phenazinese5
- Outcome
- germinatione5
- Direction
- reducede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the production of phenazines by P chlororaphis O6 was correlated with reduced germination of barley and wheat seeds, and the level of systemic resistance in tobacco against E. carotovora.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenazine production correlated with reduced wheat germination.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Interactor
- P chlororaphis O6Pseudomonas chlororaphise5symbiont
- Compound
- phenazinese5
- Outcome
- germinatione5
- Direction
- reducede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the production of phenazines by P chlororaphis O6 was correlated with reduced germination of barley and wheat seeds, and the level of systemic resistance in tobacco against E. carotovora.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenazine production correlated with systemic resistance in tobacco against E. carotovora.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume5 - Interactor
- E. carotovoraPectobacterium carotovorume5pathogen
- Second interactor
- P chlororaphis O6Pseudomonas chlororaphise5biocontrol_agent
- Compound
- phenazinese5
- Outcome
- systemic resistancee5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the production of phenazines by P chlororaphis O6 was correlated with reduced germination of barley and wheat seeds, and the level of systemic resistance in tobacco against E. carotovora.”
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