Abstract
The relationship between germination and melatonin applied during osmo- and hydropriming was studied in cucumber seeds. The proportion of nuclei with different DNA contents, the mean ploidy and the (2C + 4C = 8C)/2C ratio in unprimed and primed, dry and imbibed at 10 degrees C seeds were established by flow cytometry. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein oxidation were also estimated. Melatonin and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations in the seeds were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Being sensitive to chilling stress, seeds that germinated well (99%) at 25 degrees C showed only 30% germination at 15 degrees C, and almost no germination (4%) at 10 degrees C. Hydropriming in water improved seed germination to 50-60% at 15 degrees C and the addition of melatonin (25-100 M) also increased the rate of germination. Osmopriming in polyethylene glycol increased germination at 15 degrees C to 78%, and 98% when combined with 50 M melatonin. Osmoprimed seeds germinated even at 10 degrees C and reached 43%, and 83% when 50 M melatonin was applied. None of the treatments induced DNA synthesis, although during the first 24 hr of imbibition at 10 degrees C the mean ploidy and the (2C + 4C = 8C)/2C ratio increased, which is indicative of the advanced Phase II of germination. Hydro- and osmopriming slightly decreased IAA content in the seeds in most of the cases; only hydropriming with 100 and 500 M melatonin increased it. Melatonin protected membrane structure against peroxidation during chilling, but excessive melatonin levels in cucumber seeds (approximately 4 microg/g fresh weight) provoked oxidative changes in proteins. There is still lack of information explained clearly the role of melatonin in plant physiology. This molecule acts multidirectionally and usually is alliged to other compounds.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling stress reduced cucumber seed germination to 30% at 15 degrees C, compared with 99% at 25 degrees C.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- chilling stresse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Qualifier
- at 15 degrees Ce0
- Comparator
- at 25 degrees Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Melatonin applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds”
e0“Being sensitive to chilling stress, seeds that germinated well (99%) at 25 degrees C showed only 30% germination at 15 degrees C”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling stress reduced cucumber seed germination to 4% at 10 degrees C.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- chilling stresst0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- no germinatione0
- Value
- 4%e0
- Qualifier
- at 10 degrees Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Melatonin applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds improves germination during chilling stress”
e0“and almost no germination (4%) at 10 degrees C”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydropriming in water improved cucumber seed germination to 50-60% at 15 degrees C.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Hydropriming in watere1
- Outcome
- seed germinatione1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 50-60%e1
- Qualifier
- at 15 degrees Ce1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Melatonin applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds”
e1“Hydropriming in water improved seed germination to 50-60% at 15 degrees C”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin addition at 25-100 M increased the rate of cucumber seed germination.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- melatonin (25-100 M)e1
- Outcome
- rate of germinatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Melatonin applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds”
e1“the addition of melatonin (25-100 M) also increased the rate of germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmopriming in polyethylene glycol increased cucumber seed germination to 78% at 15 degrees C.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Osmopriming in polyethylene glycole2
- Outcome
- germinatione2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 78%e2
- Qualifier
- at 15 degrees Ce2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Melatonin applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds”
e2“Osmopriming in polyethylene glycol increased germination at 15 degrees C to 78%”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmopriming combined with 50 M melatonin increased cucumber seed germination to 98% at 15 degrees C.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- combined with 50 M melatonine2
- Outcome
- germinatione2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- 98%e2
- Qualifier
- at 15 degrees Ce2
- Comparator
- Osmopriming in polyethylene glycole2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Melatonin applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds”
e2“Osmopriming in polyethylene glycol increased germination at 15 degrees C to 78%, and 98% when combined with 50 M melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmoprimed cucumber seeds germinated to 43% at 10 degrees C.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Osmoprimed seedse3
- Outcome
- germinatede3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 43%e3
- Qualifier
- even at 10 degrees Ce3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Melatonin applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds”
e3“Osmoprimed seeds germinated even at 10 degrees C and reached 43%”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmoprimed seeds with 50 M melatonin germinated to 83% at 10 degrees C.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 50 M melatonine3
- Outcome
- germinatede3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 83%e3
- Comparator
- Osmoprimed seedse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Melatonin applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds”
e3“Osmoprimed seeds germinated even at 10 degrees C and reached 43%, and 83% when 50 M melatonin was applied”
Claim · model-written summary
None of the priming and melatonin treatments induced DNA synthesis in cucumber seeds.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- treatmentse4
- Outcome
- DNA synthesise4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Melatonin applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds”
e4“None of the treatments induced DNA synthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
During the first 24 hours of imbibition at 10 degrees C, mean ploidy and the (2C + 4C = 8C)/2C ratio increased in cucumber seeds.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- mean ploidye4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- first 24 hr of imbibition at 10 degrees Ce4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Melatonin applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds”
e4“during the first 24 hr of imbibition at 10 degrees C the mean ploidy and the (2C + 4C = 8C)/2C ratio increased”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in mean ploidy indicates that the cucumber seeds were in the advanced Phase II of germination.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- advanced Phase II of germinatione4
- Qualifier
- mean ploidye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Melatonin applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds”
e4“the mean ploidy and the (2C + 4C = 8C)/2C ratio increased, which is indicative of the advanced Phase II of germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydropriming and osmopriming slightly decreased IAA content in cucumber seeds in most cases.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Hydro- and osmopriminge5
- Outcome
- IAA contente5
- Direction
- slightly decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Melatonin applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds”
e5“Hydro- and osmopriming slightly decreased IAA content in the seeds in most of the cases”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydropriming with 100 and 500 M melatonin increased IAA content in cucumber seeds.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- hydropriming with 100 and 500 M melatonine5
- Outcome
- IAA contente5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Melatonin applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds”
e5“Hydro- and osmopriming slightly decreased IAA content in the seeds in most of the cases; only hydropriming with 100 and 500 M melatonin increased it”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin protected cucumber seed membrane structure against peroxidation during chilling.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Melatonine6
- Outcome
- membrane structuree6
- Direction
- protectede6
- Qualifier
- against peroxidation during chillinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Melatonin applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds”
e6“Melatonin protected membrane structure against peroxidation during chilling”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive melatonin levels provoked oxidative changes in cucumber seed proteins at approximately 4 microg/g fresh weight.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- excessive melatonin levelse6
- Outcome
- oxidative changes in proteinse6
- Direction
- provokede6
- Value
- approximately 4 microg/g fresh weighte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Melatonin applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds”
e6“excessive melatonin levels in cucumber seeds (approximately 4 microg/g fresh weight) provoked oxidative changes in proteins”
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- no effect
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- no effect
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See all 45 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.