Abstract
In arid and semi-arid regions,fresh water scarcity and salinity are the serious and chronic problem for agricultural production.The purposes of optimal water and nutrient management are to maximize water and fertilizer use efficiencies and crop production,and to minimize salt accumulation in root zone and groundwater pollution in these regions.In this study,field experiments were conducted to investigate effects of irrigation water salinity and N application rate on yield,water use efficiency(WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) of cotton under drip irrigation conditions.The experimental design was a 3 × 4 factorial with three water salinity levels(EC 0.35,4.61,and 8.04 dS/m;denoted as SF,SM and SH,respectively) and four N application rates(0,240,360,and 480 kg/ha;denoted as N0,N1,N2,and N3,respectively).Results show that the biomass,N uptake,and NUE of cotton are significantly affected by irrigation water salinity,N rate and their interactions and are decreased significantly by the saline water irrigation with the high salinity level(8.04 mS/cm).There are no significant differences for cotton N uptakes and NUEs between SM and SF treatments,while the biomass and yield of the SF treatment are higher than those of the SM treatment.The growth of cotton is promoted by the N fertilization and the biomass,N uptake,and yield are increased,while those effects are decreased with irrigation water salinity level increasing.Water drainage is increased and evapotranspiration is reduced significantly with the increase of irrigation water salinity level,while water drainage is decreased and evapotranspiration is increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen rate.The treatment of SM has the highest WUE,and the treatment of SH has the lowest WUE.WUEs of three water salinity treatments are increased with nitrogen application rate increasing.Therefore,saline water with EC value more than 8 dS/m is not suitable for drip irrigation,but short period saline water irrigation with EC value less than 5 dS/m does not have a severe adverse effect on yield,NUE and WUE of cotton under drip irrigation conditions.Moreover,optional N application can promote cotton growth and increase yield and WUE of cotton.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
High-salinity irrigation significantly decreased cotton biomass.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- saline water irrigation with the high salinity level(8.04 mS/cm)e0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“the biomass,N uptake,and NUE of cotton are significantly affected by irrigation water salinity,N rate and their interactions and are decreased significantly by the saline water irrigation with the high salinity level(8.04 mS/cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
High-salinity irrigation significantly decreased cotton N uptake.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- saline water irrigation with the high salinity level(8.04 mS/cm)e0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“the biomass,N uptake,and NUE of cotton are significantly affected by irrigation water salinity,N rate and their interactions and are decreased significantly by the saline water irrigation with the high salinity level(8.04 mS/cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
High-salinity irrigation significantly decreased cotton NUE.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- saline water irrigation with the high salinity level(8.04 mS/cm)e0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“the biomass,N uptake,and NUE of cotton are significantly affected by irrigation water salinity,N rate and their interactions and are decreased significantly by the saline water irrigation with the high salinity level(8.04 mS/cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton N uptakes did not differ significantly between SM and SF.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- SMe0
- Outcome
- N uptakese0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- SFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“There are no significant differences for cotton N uptakes and NUEs between SM and SF treatments,while the biomass and yield of the SF treatment are higher than those of the SM treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton NUEs did not differ significantly between SM and SF.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- SMe0
- Outcome
- NUEse0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- SFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“There are no significant differences for cotton N uptakes and NUEs between SM and SF treatments,while the biomass and yield of the SF treatment are higher than those of the SM treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton biomass was higher under SF than SM.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- SF treatmente0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- SM treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“There are no significant differences for cotton N uptakes and NUEs between SM and SF treatments,while the biomass and yield of the SF treatment are higher than those of the SM treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton yield was higher under SF than SM.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- SF treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- SM treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“There are no significant differences for cotton N uptakes and NUEs between SM and SF treatments,while the biomass and yield of the SF treatment are higher than those of the SM treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization promoted cotton growth of cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- growth of cottone0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“The growth of cotton is promoted by the N fertilization and the biomass,N uptake,and yield are increased,while those effects are decreased with irrigation water salinity level increasing”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization promoted cotton biomass.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“The growth of cotton is promoted by the N fertilization and the biomass,N uptake,and yield are increased,while those effects are decreased with irrigation water salinity level increasing”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization promoted cotton N uptake.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“The growth of cotton is promoted by the N fertilization and the biomass,N uptake,and yield are increased,while those effects are decreased with irrigation water salinity level increasing”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization promoted cotton yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“The growth of cotton is promoted by the N fertilization and the biomass,N uptake,and yield are increased,while those effects are decreased with irrigation water salinity level increasing”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation salinity changed Water drainage.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- irrigation water salinity levele0
- Outcome
- Water drainagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“Water drainage is increased and evapotranspiration is reduced significantly with the increase of irrigation water salinity level,while water drainage is decreased and evapotranspiration is increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation salinity changed evapotranspiration.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- irrigation water salinity levele0
- Outcome
- evapotranspiratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“Water drainage is increased and evapotranspiration is reduced significantly with the increase of irrigation water salinity level,while water drainage is decreased and evapotranspiration is increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen rate changed water drainage.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen ratee0
- Outcome
- water drainagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“Water drainage is increased and evapotranspiration is reduced significantly with the increase of irrigation water salinity level,while water drainage is decreased and evapotranspiration is increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen rate changed evapotranspiration.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen ratee0
- Outcome
- evapotranspiratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“Water drainage is increased and evapotranspiration is reduced significantly with the increase of irrigation water salinity level,while water drainage is decreased and evapotranspiration is increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen rate”
Claim · model-written summary
SM had the highest WUE.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- SMe0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“The treatment of SM has the highest WUE,and the treatment of SH has the lowest WUE.WUEs of three water salinity treatments are increased with nitrogen application rate increasing”
Claim · model-written summary
SH had the lowest WUE.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- SHe0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“The treatment of SM has the highest WUE,and the treatment of SH has the lowest WUE.WUEs of three water salinity treatments are increased with nitrogen application rate increasing”
Claim · model-written summary
WUE increased with nitrogen application rate across salinity treatments.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application ratee0
- Outcome
- WUEse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“The treatment of SM has the highest WUE,and the treatment of SH has the lowest WUE.WUEs of three water salinity treatments are increased with nitrogen application rate increasing”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise against drip irrigation with saline water above 8 dS/m.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- saline water with EC value more than 8 dS/me0
- Outcome
- not suitable for drip irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“saline water with EC value more than 8 dS/m is not suitable for drip irrigation,but short period saline water irrigation with EC value less than 5 dS/m does not have a severe adverse effect on yield,NUE and WUE of cotton under drip irrigation conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judge brief irrigation below 5 dS/m to have no severe adverse effect on cotton yield, NUE and WUE.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- short period saline water irrigation with EC value less than 5 dS/me0
- Outcome
- does not have a severe adverse effect on yield,NUE and WUE of cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“saline water with EC value more than 8 dS/m is not suitable for drip irrigation,but short period saline water irrigation with EC value less than 5 dS/m does not have a severe adverse effect on yield,NUE and WUE of cotton under drip irrigation conditions”
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See all 550 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.