Abstract
Abstract Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) that affects plant growth, fruiting, and yield. This study was conducted to determine N effects on the development of harvestable bolls (HB) at fruiting sites among reproductive branches (sympodia). Field experiments were conducted from 1987 through 1990 on Commerce silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed, thermic, nonacid, aeric Fluvaquent) to evaluate responses to preplant N rates of 0, 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, and 168 kg ha −1 , and to split applications of 56 + 56 kg N ha −1 . Increasing N decreased HB production at Sympodia 5 through 10, and increased HB at Sympodia 12 through 25. At Sympodia 5 through 10, production of HB at Fruiting Site 1 (first position on sympodial branch) decreased from 49% of fruiting sites at the 0 N rate, to 36% of fruiting sites, with N fertilization of 168 kg ha −1 . Harvestable boll production at Sympodia 11 through 16 increased from 58% at 0 N up to a maximum of 69% at 84 kg N ha −1 . At Sympodia 17 through 25, fruiting sites developing HB increased from 9% up to a mximum of 28% with application of 140 kg N ha −1 . Whole‐plant HB development at Fruiting Sites 1, 2, and 3 was optimized at 42, 23, and 8%, respectively, by N rates between 56 and 84 kg N ha −1 . Averaged over all fruiting sites, maximum whole‐plant HB development of 24% was obtained with 84 kg N ha −1 . Results demonstrate that increased N increased the total number of HB per plant. Increase in yield potential in response to N was limited, however, by decrease in HB at lower sympodia as N was increased, and by the inability of plants to more effectively develop bolls at Fruiting Site 2 and 3, and those at upper sympodia.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen decreased harvestable boll production at sympodia 5 through 10.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Organ / stage
- Sympodia 5 through 10e0
- Treatment
- Increasing Ne0
- Outcome
- HB productione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing N decreased HB production at Sympodia 5 through 10, and increased HB at Sympodia 12 through 25.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen increased harvestable boll production at sympodia 12 through 25.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- Sympodia 12 through 25e0
- Treatment
- Increasing Ne0
- Outcome
- HBe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing N decreased HB production at Sympodia 5 through 10, and increased HB at Sympodia 12 through 25.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
At sympodia 5 through 10, fruiting site 1 boll production fell from 49% at zero nitrogen to 36% at 168 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilization of 168 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- production of HB at Fruiting Site 1e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 36%e0
- Qualifier
- 49%e0
- Comparator
- 0 N ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Sympodia 5 through 10, production of HB at Fruiting Site 1 (first position on sympodial branch) decreased from 49% of fruiting sites at the 0 N rate, to 36% of fruiting sites, with N fertilization of 168 kg ha −1 .”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
At sympodia 11 through 16, harvestable boll production rose from 58% at zero nitrogen to 69% at 84 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 84 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- Harvestable boll productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 69%e0
- Qualifier
- 58%e0
- Comparator
- 0 Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Harvestable boll production at Sympodia 11 through 16 increased from 58% at 0 N up to a maximum of 69% at 84 kg N ha −1 .”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
At sympodia 17 through 25, fruiting sites with harvestable bolls rose from 9% to 28% with 140 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 140 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- fruiting sites developing HBe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Qualifier
- 9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Sympodia 17 through 25, fruiting sites developing HB increased from 9% up to a mximum of 28% with application of 140 kg N ha −1 .”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-plant harvestable boll development at fruiting site 1 was optimized at 42% by 56 to 84 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- Whole‐plant HB developmente0
- Direction
- optimizede0
- Value
- 42e0
- Qualifier
- N rates between 56 and 84 kg N ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whole‐plant HB development at Fruiting Sites 1, 2, and 3 was optimized at 42, 23, and 8%, respectively, by N rates between 56 and 84 kg N ha −1 .”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-plant harvestable boll development at fruiting site 2 was optimized at 23% by 56 to 84 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- Whole‐plant HB developmente0
- Direction
- optimizede0
- Value
- 23e0
- Qualifier
- N rates between 56 and 84 kg N ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whole‐plant HB development at Fruiting Sites 1, 2, and 3 was optimized at 42, 23, and 8%, respectively, by N rates between 56 and 84 kg N ha −1 .”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-plant harvestable boll development at fruiting site 3 was optimized at 8% by 56 to 84 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- Whole‐plant HB developmente0
- Direction
- optimizede0
- Value
- 8%e0
- Qualifier
- N rates between 56 and 84 kg N ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whole‐plant HB development at Fruiting Sites 1, 2, and 3 was optimized at 42, 23, and 8%, respectively, by N rates between 56 and 84 kg N ha −1 .”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum whole-plant harvestable boll development was 24% at 84 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- whole‐plant HB developmente0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Qualifier
- 84 kg N ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Averaged over all fruiting sites, maximum whole‐plant HB development of 24% was obtained with 84 kg N ha −1 .”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen increased the total number of harvestable bolls per plant.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- increased Ne0
- Outcome
- total number of HB per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results demonstrate that increased N increased the total number of HB per plant.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield potential gains from nitrogen were limited by fewer harvestable bolls at lower sympodia and poor boll development at sites 2 and 3 and upper sympodia.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- yield potentiale0
- Qualifier
- decrease in HB at lower sympodiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in yield potential in response to N was limited, however, by decrease in HB at lower sympodia as N was increased, and by the inability of plants to more effectively develop bolls at Fruiting Site 2 and 3, and those at upper sympodia.”
t0“Cotton”
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