Abstract
Two apple blue molding Penicellium species; Penicillium asperosporum (G. Smith) and Penicillium puberulum (Bain) were isolated for the first time in Saudi Arabia. Macro and micro morphological features along with mycotoxin productivity and pathogenic behavior were significant in characterization of these fungi. Mycotoxin productivity revealed that citrinin and patulin were produced by both fungal species but penicillic acid (1.6 ppm) was only produced by P. puberulum. Moreover, P. asperosporum could produce more patulin (6.65 ppm.) and less citrinin (4.86 ppm) than P. puberulum. Inoculation of artificially wounded apple fruits with conidial suspension resulted in typically blue mold symptoms. P. puberulum was more aggressive on Fuji and red delicious but less on green apple fruits comparing with P. asperosporum. Lesion diameters induced by P. puberulum (19.25 &11.60 mm) were larger than those by P. asperosporum (18.60 & 6.50 mm) on Fuji and red delicious apple fruits respectively.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
P. asperosporum and P. puberulum were isolated from apple blue mold for the first time in Saudi Arabia.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Interactor
- Penicillium asperosporum (G. Smith)Penicillium asperosporume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Penicillium puberulum (Bain)Penicillium puberulume0pathogen
- Outcome
- were isolated for the first timee0
- Setting
- Saudi Arabiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two apple blue molding Penicellium species; Penicillium asperosporum (G. Smith) and Penicillium puberulum (Bain) were isolated for the first time in Saudi Arabia”
Claim · model-written summary
Both fungal species produced citrinin and patulin.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- fungal speciese0pathogen
- Outcome
- citrinin and patuline0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“citrinin and patulin were produced by both fungal species”
t0“apple blue mold”
Claim · model-written summary
P. puberulum alone produced penicillic acid at 1.6 ppm.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- P. puberulumPenicillium puberulume0pathogen
- Outcome
- penicillic acide0
- Value
- 1.6 ppme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“penicillic acid (1.6 ppm) was only produced by P. puberulum”
t0“apple blue mold”
Claim · model-written summary
P. asperosporum produced more patulin than P. puberulum, at 6.65 ppm.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- P. asperosporumPenicillium asperosporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- patuline0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 6.65 ppm.e0
- Comparator
- P. puberulume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. asperosporum could produce more patulin (6.65 ppm.) and less citrinin (4.86 ppm) than P. puberulum”
t0“apple blue mold”
Claim · model-written summary
P. asperosporum produced less citrinin than P. puberulum, at 4.86 ppm.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- P. asperosporumPenicillium asperosporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- citrinine0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 4.86 ppme0
- Comparator
- P. puberulume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. asperosporum could produce more patulin (6.65 ppm.) and less citrinin (4.86 ppm) than P. puberulum”
t0“apple blue mold”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation of wounded apple fruits with conidial suspension caused typical blue mold symptoms.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of artificially wounded apple fruits with conidial suspensione0
- Interactor
- blue molde0pathogen
- Outcome
- typically blue mold symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of artificially wounded apple fruits with conidial suspension resulted in typically blue mold symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
P. puberulum was more aggressive than P. asperosporum on Fuji apple fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Fujie0
- Interactor
- P. puberulumPenicillium puberulume0pathogen
- Outcome
- aggressivee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- P. asperosporume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. puberulum was more aggressive on Fuji and red delicious but less on green apple fruits comparing with P. asperosporum”
Claim · model-written summary
P. puberulum was more aggressive than P. asperosporum on red delicious apple fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- red deliciouse0
- Interactor
- P. puberulumPenicillium puberulume0pathogen
- Outcome
- aggressivee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- P. asperosporume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. puberulum was more aggressive on Fuji and red delicious but less on green apple fruits comparing with P. asperosporum”
Claim · model-written summary
P. puberulum was less aggressive than P. asperosporum on green apple fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- green applee0
- Interactor
- P. puberulumPenicillium puberulume0pathogen
- Outcome
- aggressivee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- P. asperosporume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. puberulum was more aggressive on Fuji and red delicious but less on green apple fruits comparing with P. asperosporum”
Claim · model-written summary
P. puberulum induced a 19.25 mm lesion on Fuji fruit, exceeding the 18.60 mm lesion from P. asperosporum.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Fujie0
- Interactor
- P. puberulumPenicillium puberulume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Lesion diameterse0
- Direction
- largere0
- Value
- 19.25 &11.60 mme0
- Qualifier
- 18.60 & 6.50 mme0
- Comparator
- P. asperosporume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lesion diameters induced by P. puberulum (19.25 &11.60 mm) were larger than those by P. asperosporum (18.60 & 6.50 mm) on Fuji and red delicious apple fruits respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
P. puberulum induced an 11.60 mm lesion on red delicious fruit, exceeding the 6.50 mm lesion from P. asperosporum.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- red deliciouse0
- Interactor
- P. puberulumPenicillium puberulume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Lesion diameterse0
- Direction
- largere0
- Value
- 19.25 &11.60 mme0
- Qualifier
- 18.60 & 6.50 mme0
- Comparator
- P. asperosporume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lesion diameters induced by P. puberulum (19.25 &11.60 mm) were larger than those by P. asperosporum (18.60 & 6.50 mm) on Fuji and red delicious apple fruits respectively”
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See all 63 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.