Abstract
Studies on the susceptibility of pruning wounds of different ages and the effect of pruning time on infection by Botryosphaeriaceae species in apple trees are scarce. This work aimed to determine the susceptibility of pruning wounds of different ages (1, 15, 30, or 45 days after pruning) and the effect of pruning time during early (June) and late pruning (August) in apple cultivars Fuji and Gala on the infection of Diplodia mutila, D. seriata, Neofusicoccum arbuti, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Additionally, seasonal conidial release of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. was monitored using Vaseline-coated glass slides in two orchards, cultivars Fuji and Gala, during two consecutive growing seasons (2020 and 2021) in the Maule Region, Central Chile. The analysis of the variance of each pruning wound age showed significant interaction between the factors, Botryosphaeria isolate × apple cultivar (P = 0.0001). The isolates of N. arbuti and D. seriata were significantly more aggressive than the other isolates of Botryosphaeria, with mean values of 45.2 mm (1 day of age) to 7.9 mm (45 days of age) and 31.0 mm (1 day of age) to 6.6 mm (45 days of age), respectively. Independent of the Botryosphaeriaceae species, the pruning wound susceptibility considerably decreased as the age of the pruning wound increased, where fresh pruning wounds (1 and 15 days) are more susceptible than older pruning wounds (30 and 45 days). Our results indicated significant (P < 0.0001) interaction between Botryosphaeria isolates and pruning time for both cultivars. Necrotic lesions varied among the Botryosphaeriaceae species, where lesion length was significantly greater in the isolates of N. arbuti, D. mutila, and D. seriata inoculated in early pruning than in inoculations conducted in late pruning. This study demonstrated a strong relationship between conidial release and rainfall, where 70.3 and 86.3% of the total conidia of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. were released during rainfall periods between June and August (winter). This work suggests that a delay in pruning times may be justified to reduce the risk of Botryosphaeria canker and dieback in apple trees in the Maule Region, Chile, considering rain-free days.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Botryosphaeria isolate and apple cultivar interacted significantly in pruning wound infection (P = 0.0001).
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- apple cultivare1
- Treatment
- pruning wound agee1
- Interactor
- Botryosphaeria
_Cesati_%26_DeNotaris_661320.jpg?width=60)
Botryosphaeriae1pathogen - Outcome
- interaction between the factorse1
- Value
- P = 0.0001e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Cesati_%26_DeNotaris_661320.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Pruning Wounds of Apple Trees”
e1“The analysis of the variance of each pruning wound age showed significant interaction between the factors, Botryosphaeria isolate × apple cultivar (P = 0.0001)”
Claim · model-written summary
Neofusicoccum arbuti isolates were significantly more aggressive than other Botryosphaeria isolates on apple (45.2 mm at 1 day to 7.9 mm at 45 days of wound age).
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- N. arbuti
Neofusicoccum arbutie2pathogen - Outcome
- aggressivee2
- Direction
- moree2
- Qualifier
- 45.2 mm (1 day of age) to 7.9 mm (45 days of age)e2
- Comparator
- other isolates of Botryosphaeriae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pruning Wounds of Apple Trees”
e2“The isolates of N. arbuti and D. seriata were significantly more aggressive than the other isolates of Botryosphaeria, with mean values of 45.2 mm (1 day of age) to 7.9 mm (45 days of age) and 31.0 mm (1 day of age) to 6.6 mm (45 days of age), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Diplodia seriata isolates were significantly more aggressive than other Botryosphaeria isolates on apple (31.0 mm at 1 day to 6.6 mm at 45 days of wound age).
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- D. seriataDiplodia seriatae2pathogen
- Outcome
- aggressivee2
- Direction
- moree2
- Qualifier
- 31.0 mm (1 day of age) to 6.6 mm (45 days of age)e2
- Comparator
- other isolates of Botryosphaeriae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pruning Wounds of Apple Trees”
e2“The isolates of N. arbuti and D. seriata were significantly more aggressive than the other isolates of Botryosphaeria, with mean values of 45.2 mm (1 day of age) to 7.9 mm (45 days of age) and 31.0 mm (1 day of age) to 6.6 mm (45 days of age), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning wound susceptibility to Botryosphaeriaceae decreased as wound age increased; wounds of 1 and 15 days were more susceptible than wounds of 30 and 45 days.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- age of the pruning wounde3
- Outcome
- pruning wound susceptibilitye3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Comparator
- older pruning wounds (30 and 45 days)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pruning Wounds of Apple Trees”
e3“Independent of the Botryosphaeriaceae species, the pruning wound susceptibility considerably decreased as the age of the pruning wound increased, where fresh pruning wounds (1 and 15 days) are more susceptible than older pruning wounds (30 and 45 days)”
Claim · model-written summary
Botryosphaeria isolates and pruning time interacted significantly in both apple cultivars (P < 0.0001).
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- pruning timee4
- Interactor
- BotryosphaeriaBotryosphaeriae4pathogen
- Outcome
- interaction between Botryosphaeria isolates and pruning timee4
- Value
- P < 0.0001e4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pruning Wounds of Apple Trees”
e4“Our results indicated significant (P < 0.0001) interaction between Botryosphaeria isolates and pruning time for both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Neofusicoccum arbuti lesions were significantly longer when inoculated in early pruning than in late pruning on apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- early pruninge5
- Interactor
- N. arbutiNeofusicoccum arbutie5pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion lengthe5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Comparator
- late pruninge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pruning Wounds of Apple Trees”
e5“lesion length was significantly greater in the isolates of N. arbuti, D. mutila, and D. seriata inoculated in early pruning than in inoculations conducted in late pruning”
Claim · model-written summary
Diplodia mutila lesions were significantly longer when inoculated in early pruning than in late pruning on apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- early pruninge5
- Interactor
- D. mutilaDiplodia mutilae5pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion lengthe5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Comparator
- late pruninge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pruning Wounds of Apple Trees”
e5“lesion length was significantly greater in the isolates of N. arbuti, D. mutila, and D. seriata inoculated in early pruning than in inoculations conducted in late pruning”
Claim · model-written summary
Diplodia seriata lesions were significantly longer when inoculated in early pruning than in late pruning on apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- early pruninge5
- Interactor
- D. seriataDiplodia seriatae5pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion lengthe5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Comparator
- late pruninge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pruning Wounds of Apple Trees”
e5“lesion length was significantly greater in the isolates of N. arbuti, D. mutila, and D. seriata inoculated in early pruning than in inoculations conducted in late pruning”
Claim · model-written summary
Conidial release of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. had a strong relationship with rainfall.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- rainfalle6
- Outcome
- conidial releasee6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pruning Wounds of Apple Trees”
e6“This study demonstrated a strong relationship between conidial release and rainfall”
Claim · model-written summary
70.3% of the total conidia of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. on apple were released during rainfall periods between June and August.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- Botryosphaeriaceae spp.Botryosphaeriaceaee7pathogen
- Outcome
- total conidia of Botryosphaeriaceae spp.e7
- Value
- 70.3e7
- Setting
- rainfall periods between June and August (winter)e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pruning Wounds of Apple Trees”
e7“70.3 and 86.3% of the total conidia of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. were released during rainfall periods between June and August (winter)”
Claim · model-written summary
86.3% of the total conidia of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. on apple were released during rainfall periods between June and August.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- Botryosphaeriaceae spp.Botryosphaeriaceaee7pathogen
- Outcome
- total conidia of Botryosphaeriaceae spp.e7
- Value
- 86.3%e7
- Setting
- rainfall periods between June and August (winter)e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pruning Wounds of Apple Trees”
e7“70.3 and 86.3% of the total conidia of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. were released during rainfall periods between June and August (winter)”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying pruning may be justified to reduce the risk of Botryosphaeria canker and dieback in apple trees in the Maule Region, considering rain-free days.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- a delay in pruning timese1
- Outcome
- risk of Botryosphaeria canker and diebacke1
- Qualifier
- considering rain-free dayse1
- Setting
- Maule Region, Chilee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“a delay in pruning times may be justified to reduce the risk of Botryosphaeria canker and dieback in apple trees in the Maule Region, Chile, considering rain-free days”
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See all 24 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.