Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different concentration PP333, its spraying time and plant growing stages at which PP333 was sprayed, as well as a combination of PP333 and GA3 on some physiological, morphological characteristics and yields of dryland wheat. The experiment included two factors: plant density and spraying PP333. Two levels of the plant density were adopted: low density with sowing rate of 1670000 seeds, and high density with sowing rate of 3340000 seeds. The spraying of PP333 involved 5 treatments: 1) spraying water as control; 2) spraying PP333 at re-growth stage with low concentration (150 mg /kg) ; 3) spraying PP333 at re-growth stage with high concentration (300 mg/kg) ; 4) spraying PP333 at 3 leaf stage, re-growth stage and elongation stage with a concentration of 100 mg/kg; and 5) spraying PP333 at 3-leaf stage, re-growth stage and elongation stage with a concentration of 100 mg/kg and spraying CA3 (30mg/kg) at elongation stage together with PP333 by dissolving CA3 in the PP333 solution. Results show that application of PP333 significantly increased tiller numbers and reduced plant height and leaf area, the degree of reduction depending on concentrations and times: the higher the concentration and the more frequent the applications , the more reduction. In contrast, GA3 alleviated the effect of PP333 on the reduction. No difference was found in chlorophyll content at over-wintering stage for different treatments while the increase was observed at elongation stage by PP333 spraying. Although at elongation stage, no significant difference was found in NRA, NH4+-N and NO3--N content among different treatments, NRA was inhibited at over-wintering stage by PP333 spraying. Application of PP333 at the 3-leaf stage, followed by spraying PP333 and GA3 at elongation stage, although reducing grain number per ear, obviously increased the harvesting ear numbers and raised or retained the weight per 1000 grains, and thereby increased wheat yield by 5.8% . Application of PP333 alone showed no significant effect on crop yield. Different results obtained by spraying PP333 on wheat at different stages and with different plant densities might be related with water and nutrient supply of the soil.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
PP333 significantly increased wheat tiller numbers.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- PP333e0
- Outcome
- tiller numberse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- spraying water as controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of PP333 significantly increased tiller numbers”
e1“spraying water as control”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PP333 reduced wheat plant height, with greater reduction at higher concentrations and more frequent applications.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PP333e3
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- the higher the concentration and the more frequent the applications , the more reductione0
- Comparator
- spraying water as controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced plant height and leaf area, the degree of reduction depending on concentrations and times: the higher the concentration and the more frequent the applications , the more reduction.”
e1“spraying water as control”
e3“application of PP333 significantly increased tiller numbers”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PP333 reduced wheat leaf area, more strongly with higher concentrations and more frequent applications.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PP333e3
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- spraying water as controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced plant height and leaf area, the degree of reduction depending on concentrations and times: the higher the concentration and the more frequent the applications , the more reduction.”
e1“spraying water as control”
e3“application of PP333 significantly increased tiller numbers”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 alleviated the reduction caused by PP333 in wheat.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3 alleviated the effect of PP333 on the reduction.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat chlorophyll content did not differ between treatments at the over-wintering stage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- over-wintering stagee0
- Treatment
- different treatmentse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- No differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No difference was found in chlorophyll content at over-wintering stage for different treatments”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PP333 increased wheat chlorophyll content at the elongation stage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- elongation stagee0
- Treatment
- PP333 sprayinge0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente2
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- spraying water as controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase was observed at elongation stage by PP333 spraying”
e1“spraying water as control”
e2“chlorophyll content”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
NRA, NH4+-N and NO3--N content did not differ significantly among wheat treatments at elongation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- elongation stagee0
- Outcome
- NRA, NH4+-N and NO3--N contente0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at elongation stage, no significant difference was found in NRA, NH4+-N and NO3--N content among different treatments”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PP333 inhibited wheat NRA at over-wintering.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- over-wintering stagee0
- Treatment
- PP333 sprayinge0
- Outcome
- NRAe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- spraying water as controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NRA was inhibited at over-wintering stage by PP333 spraying”
e1“spraying water as control”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The staged PP333 and GA3 treatment reduced grain number per ear.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PP333 at the 3-leaf stage, followed by spraying PP333 and GA3 at elongation stagee0
- Outcome
- grain number per eare0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- spraying water as controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of PP333 at the 3-leaf stage, followed by spraying PP333 and GA3 at elongation stage, although reducing grain number per ear”
e1“spraying water as control”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The staged PP333 and GA3 treatment increased harvest ear numbers.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PP333 at the 3-leaf stage, followed by spraying PP333 and GA3 at elongation stagee4
- Outcome
- harvesting ear numberse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- spraying water as controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“obviously increased the harvesting ear numbers”
e1“spraying water as control”
e4“Application of PP333 at the 3-leaf stage, followed by spraying PP333 and GA3 at elongation stage”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The staged PP333 and GA3 treatment raised or retained thousand grain weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PP333 at the 3-leaf stage, followed by spraying PP333 and GA3 at elongation stagee4
- Outcome
- weight per 1000 grainse0
- Direction
- raised or retainede0
- Comparator
- spraying water as controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“raised or retained the weight per 1000 grains”
e1“spraying water as control”
e4“Application of PP333 at the 3-leaf stage, followed by spraying PP333 and GA3 at elongation stage”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The staged PP333 and GA3 treatment increased wheat yield by 5.8%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- PP333 at the 3-leaf stage, followed by spraying PP333 and GA3 at elongation stagee4
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.8%e0
- Comparator
- spraying water as controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased wheat yield by 5.8%”
e1“spraying water as control”
e4“Application of PP333 at the 3-leaf stage, followed by spraying PP333 and GA3 at elongation stage”
Claim · model-written summary
PP333 alone had no significant effect on wheat crop yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PP333 alonee0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
- Comparator
- spraying water as controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of PP333 alone showed no significant effect on crop yield.”
e1“spraying water as control”
t0“wheat”
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