Abstract
Immature pollen grains of an Indica type rice cultivar IR24 were isolated and cultured to regenerate green plants without preculture of anthers. Either low-temperature pretreatment of panicles at 10'C in the dark or exposure to sugar starvation in the beginning of culture were necessary for induction of cell division of the grains. Low-temperature pretreatment was more effective treatuent than exposure to sugar starvation. It was found that there was a complementary relationship between the effects of low-temperature pretreatuent and of exposure to sugar starvation the pollen grains required shorter period of exposure to sugar starvation to start cell division as low-temperature pretreatnent was prolonged. The optimal condition for induction of cell division of the pollen grains was 21 days of the pretreatuent with I day of sugar starvation or 28 days of the pretreatment without sugar starvation. Though 2, 4-D was not necessary for induction of cell division, the development of the derived colonies followed by shoot regeneration was observed only in the presence of 2, 4-D. Reduced nitrogen source in the induction medium also affected the frequency of both colony formation and plant regeneration. The medjum containing 20mM KN03 and 5mM glutamine as nitrogen sources gave the highest frequency of colony formation at 0.20/0 and its frequency reached 2.0 times higher than the control R2 medium containing 40mM KN03 and 2.5mM (NH4)2S04. On the other hand, the calli which were formed in the medium containing 20mM KN03 and 5mM alanine had the highest regenerating ability. In addition, the calli which were formed in the medium containing 20mM KN03 and 5mM alanine showed marked higher frequency of green plant regeneration than ones in any other media tested, when 21 days of low-temperature pretreatment without exposure to sugar starvation was applied as induction condition.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Rice pollen culture regenerated green plants without anther preculture.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- IR24e0
- Organ / stage
- pollen grainse0
- Outcome
- regenerate green plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immature pollen grains of an Indica type rice cultivar IR24 were isolated and cultured to regenerate green plants without preculture of anthers”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-temperature pretreatment was necessary for pollen cell division.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- low-temperature pretreatment of panicles at 10'C in the darke0
- Outcome
- induction of cell divisione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low-temperature pretreatment of panicles at 10'C in the dark or exposure to sugar starvation in the beginning of culture were necessary for induction of cell division of the grains”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar starvation was necessary for pollen cell division.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exposure to sugar starvatione0
- Outcome
- induction of cell divisione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exposure to sugar starvation in the beginning of culture were necessary for induction of cell division of the grains”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-temperature pretreatment was more effective than sugar starvation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Low-temperature pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- exposure to sugar starvatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low-temperature pretreatment was more effective treatuent than exposure to sugar starvation”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer pretreatment reduced the sugar-starvation period needed to initiate division.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- low-temperature pretreatnente0
- Outcome
- period of exposure to sugar starvatione0
- Direction
- shortere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pollen grains required shorter period of exposure to sugar starvation to start cell division as low-temperature pretreatnent was prolonged”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal division induction used 21 days of pretreatment with one day of starvation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 21 days of the pretreatuent with I day of sugar starvatione0
- Outcome
- induction of cell divisione0
- Direction
- optimale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The optimal condition for induction of cell division of the pollen grains was 21 days of the pretreatuent with I day of sugar starvation”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal division induction alternatively used 28 days of pretreatment without starvation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 28 days of the pretreatment without sugar starvatione0
- Outcome
- induction of cell divisione1
- Direction
- optimale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“28 days of the pretreatment without sugar starvation”
e1“The optimal condition for induction of cell division of the pollen grains”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
2, 4-D was unnecessary for division induction.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2, 4-De0
- Outcome
- induction of cell divisione0
- Direction
- not necessarye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2, 4-D was not necessary for induction of cell division”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Derived colonies and shoots developed only with 2, 4-D.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2, 4-De0
- Outcome
- development of the derived colonies followed by shoot regeneratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the development of the derived colonies followed by shoot regeneration was observed only in the presence of 2, 4-D”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
A medium with KN03 and glutamine gave the highest colony formation frequency, 0.20/0.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 20mM KN03 and 5mM glutaminee0
- Outcome
- frequency of colony formatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.20/0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The medjum containing 20mM KN03 and 5mM glutamine as nitrogen sources gave the highest frequency of colony formation at 0.20/0”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Colony formation was 2.0 times the control medium frequency.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 20mM KN03 and 5mM glutaminee1
- Outcome
- frequencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.0 timese0
- Comparator
- control R2 mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its frequency reached 2.0 times higher than the control R2 medium containing 40mM KN03 and 2.5mM (NH4)2S04”
e1“The medjum containing 20mM KN03 and 5mM glutamine”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
KN03 and alanine medium produced calli with the highest regenerating ability.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 20mM KN03 and 5mM alaninee0
- Outcome
- regenerating abilitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the calli which were formed in the medium containing 20mM KN03 and 5mM alanine had the highest regenerating ability”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
KN03 and alanine medium raised green plant regeneration frequency over other media after 21-day pretreatment.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 20mM KN03 and 5mM alaninee0
- Outcome
- frequency of green plant regeneratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 21 days of low-temperature pretreatment without exposure to sugar starvatione0
- Comparator
- any other media testede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the calli which were formed in the medium containing 20mM KN03 and 5mM alanine showed marked higher frequency of green plant regeneration than ones in any other media tested, when 21 days of low-temperature pretreatment without exposure to sugar starvation was applied as induction condition”
t0“Rice”
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