Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been used to study the long-term responses of photosynthesis to high irradiance focusing on the composition of the photosynthetic apparatus and leaf morphology. Typical sun/shade differences in chloroplast composition are seen in the fifth leaf following growth in high irradiance compared with low irradiance (1000 and 200 micromol m(-2) s(-1), respectively): higher light-saturated rates of photosynthesis (P(max)), higher amounts of Rubisco protein, and a lower chlorophyll a:b ratio. In addition, leaves were thicker under high light compared with low light. However, responses appear more complex when leaf developmental stage is considered. Using a system of transferring plants from low to high light in the laboratory responses that occur before and after full leaf extension have been studied. Acclimation of photosynthesis is limited by leaf age: the transfer to high light, post-leaf extension, is characterized by alterations in chlorophyll a:b but not in Rubisco protein, which may be limited by leaf morphology. Microarray analysis of gene expression was carried out on plants that were transferred to high light post-leaf extension. A down-regulation of light-harvesting genes was seen. No change in the expression level of Rubisco genes was observed. Up-regulation of genes involved in photoprotection was observed. It was also shown that high-light leaf morphology is established prior to formation of the zone of cellular elongation and division. The endogenous and environmental factors which establish the characteristics of high light acclimation may be important for attaining high rates of assimilation in leaves and crop canopies, and the fifth leaf in rice provides a convenient model system for the determination of the mechanisms involved.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The fifth leaf grown in high irradiance has higher light-saturated photosynthesis rates than in low irradiance.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- fifth leafe1
- Treatment
- growth in high irradiancee1
- Outcome
- light-saturated rates of photosynthesis (P(max))e2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- 1000 and 200 micromol m(-2) s(-1)e1
- Comparator
- low irradiancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been used to study the long-term responses of photosynthesis to high irradiance”
e1“the fifth leaf following growth in high irradiance compared with low irradiance (1000 and 200 micromol m(-2) s(-1), respectively)”
e2“higher light-saturated rates of photosynthesis (P(max))”
Claim · model-written summary
The fifth leaf grown in high irradiance has higher amounts of Rubisco protein than in low irradiance.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- fifth leafe1
- Treatment
- growth in high irradiancee1
- Outcome
- amounts of Rubisco proteine3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- low irradiancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been used to study the long-term responses of photosynthesis to high irradiance”
e1“the fifth leaf following growth in high irradiance compared with low irradiance (1000 and 200 micromol m(-2) s(-1), respectively)”
e3“higher amounts of Rubisco protein”
Claim · model-written summary
The fifth leaf grown in high irradiance has a lower chlorophyll a:b ratio than in low irradiance.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- fifth leafe1
- Treatment
- growth in high irradiancee1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a:b ratioe4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- low irradiancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been used to study the long-term responses of photosynthesis to high irradiance”
e1“the fifth leaf following growth in high irradiance compared with low irradiance (1000 and 200 micromol m(-2) s(-1), respectively)”
e4“a lower chlorophyll a:b ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves were thicker under high light than under low light.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- under high lighte5
- Outcome
- leaves were thickere5
- Direction
- thickere5
- Comparator
- low lighte5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been used to study the long-term responses of photosynthesis to high irradiance”
e5“leaves were thicker under high light compared with low light”
Claim · model-written summary
Transfer to high light after leaf extension alters chlorophyll a:b.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- the transfer to high light, post-leaf extensione6
- Outcome
- alterations in chlorophyll a:be6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been used to study the long-term responses of photosynthesis to high irradiance”
e6“the transfer to high light, post-leaf extension, is characterized by alterations in chlorophyll a:b but not in Rubisco protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Transfer to high light after leaf extension does not change Rubisco protein.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- the transfer to high light, post-leaf extensione6
- Outcome
- Rubisco proteine6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been used to study the long-term responses of photosynthesis to high irradiance”
e6“the transfer to high light, post-leaf extension, is characterized by alterations in chlorophyll a:b but not in Rubisco protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Acclimation of photosynthesis is associated with leaf age.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leaf agee7
- Outcome
- Acclimation of photosynthesise7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been used to study the long-term responses of photosynthesis to high irradiance”
e7“Acclimation of photosynthesis is limited by leaf age”
Claim · model-written summary
Light-harvesting genes are down-regulated after transfer to high light after leaf extension.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- transferred to high light post-leaf extensione2
- Gene
- light-harvesting genese1
- Outcome
- down-regulation of light-harvesting genese1
- Direction
- down-regulatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been used to study the long-term responses of photosynthesis to high irradiance”
e1“A down-regulation of light-harvesting genes was seen”
e2“Microarray analysis of gene expression was carried out on plants that were transferred to high light post-leaf extension”
Claim · model-written summary
Rubisco gene expression does not change after transfer to high light after leaf extension.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- transferred to high light post-leaf extensione2
- Gene
- Rubisco genese1
- Outcome
- expression level of Rubisco genese1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been used to study the long-term responses of photosynthesis to high irradiance”
e2“Microarray analysis of gene expression was carried out on plants that were transferred to high light post-leaf extension”
e1“No change in the expression level of Rubisco genes was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Genes involved in photoprotection are up-regulated after transfer to high light after leaf extension.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- transferred to high light post-leaf extensione2
- Gene
- genes involved in photoprotectione3
- Outcome
- genes involved in photoprotectione3
- Direction
- Up-regulatione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been used to study the long-term responses of photosynthesis to high irradiance”
e2“Microarray analysis of gene expression was carried out on plants that were transferred to high light post-leaf extension”
e3“Up-regulation of genes involved in photoprotection was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
High-light leaf morphology is established before the zone of cellular elongation and division forms.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- high-light leaf morphologye1
- Qualifier
- prior to formation of the zone of cellular elongation and divisione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been used to study the long-term responses of photosynthesis to high irradiance”
e1“high-light leaf morphology is established prior to formation of the zone of cellular elongation and division”
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