Abstract
The growth and development of a short-duration rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L. cv. Jarrah), grown in flooded soil with a range of phosphorus (P) levels and exposed to atmospheric CO2 concentrations of either 350 or 700 μL L-1 was followed for 146 days after planting (DAP). Development (estimated by rate of tiller production and time to flowering) was faster with higher soil P levels and CO2 enrichment, the effect being more pronounced with CO2 enrichment. During the early vegetative phase (up to 35 DAP), when rates of tiller production were low, shoot growth and rates of leaf expansion were faster at elevated CO2 concentrations and high soil P levels. Rates of tiller production were greater with these treatments during the 35-56 DAP period, when tillering was at a maximum. Shoot elongation was reduced at elevated CO2 levels and at high soil P levels during this period. By 146 DAP leaf weight was greater at high P levels, but CO2 enrichment accelerated tiller production to such an extent that final leaf weight was lower at high CO2, probably because there were fewer, and smaller, leaves on each tiller. Despite this, grain yield was increased by up to 58% by CO2 enrichment, with increases occurring even at low soil P levels. This was due mainly to an increase in grain number per panicle, although panicle number also increased. Higher soil P levels also increased grain number and yield. The P concentration in the foliage was unaffected by the CO2 treatments and the concentration required to produce maximum yield was 0.18% (dry wt basis) at both CO2 levels. Greater starch accumulation in the stems of high-CO2-grown plants may have accounted for the higher number of grains in each panicle.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Higher phosphorus accelerated tiller development and flowering.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- higher soil P levelse0
- Outcome
- Development (estimated by rate of tiller production and time to flowering)e0
- Direction
- fastere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Development (estimated by rate of tiller production and time to flowering) was faster with higher soil P levels and CO2 enrichment, the effect being more pronounced with CO2 enrichment.”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 enrichment accelerated tiller development and flowering more strongly than higher P.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. JarrahOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CO2 enrichmente0
- Outcome
- Development (estimated by rate of tiller production and time to flowering)e0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Comparator
- higher soil P levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Development (estimated by rate of tiller production and time to flowering) was faster with higher soil P levels and CO2 enrichment, the effect being more pronounced with CO2 enrichment.”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 accelerated early shoot growth and leaf expansion.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. JarrahOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2 concentrationse0
- Outcome
- shoot growth and rates of leaf expansione0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Qualifier
- up to 35 DAPe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the early vegetative phase (up to 35 DAP), when rates of tiller production were low, shoot growth and rates of leaf expansion were faster at elevated CO2 concentrations and high soil P levels.”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
Claim · model-written summary
High soil P accelerated early shoot growth and leaf expansion.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. JarrahOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high soil P levelse0
- Outcome
- shoot growth and rates of leaf expansione0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Qualifier
- up to 35 DAPe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the early vegetative phase (up to 35 DAP), when rates of tiller production were low, shoot growth and rates of leaf expansion were faster at elevated CO2 concentrations and high soil P levels.”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased tiller production during 35-56 DAP.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. JarrahOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CO2 enrichmente1
- Outcome
- Rates of tiller productione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- 35-56 DAP periode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rates of tiller production were greater with these treatments during the 35-56 DAP period, when tillering was at a maximum.”
e1“Development (estimated by rate of tiller production and time to flowering) was faster with higher soil P levels and CO2 enrichment, the effect being more pronounced with CO2 enrichment.”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
Claim · model-written summary
High P increased tiller production during 35-56 DAP.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. JarrahOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high soil P levelse1
- Outcome
- Rates of tiller productione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- 35-56 DAP periode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rates of tiller production were greater with these treatments during the 35-56 DAP period, when tillering was at a maximum.”
e1“During the early vegetative phase (up to 35 DAP), when rates of tiller production were low, shoot growth and rates of leaf expansion were faster at elevated CO2 concentrations and high soil P levels.”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced shoot elongation during peak tillering.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. JarrahOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2 levelse0
- Outcome
- Shoot elongatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot elongation was reduced at elevated CO2 levels and at high soil P levels during this period.”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
Claim · model-written summary
High P reduced shoot elongation during peak tillering.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. JarrahOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high soil P levelse0
- Outcome
- Shoot elongatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot elongation was reduced at elevated CO2 levels and at high soil P levels during this period.”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
Claim · model-written summary
High P increased leaf weight by 146 DAP.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. JarrahOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high P levelse0
- Outcome
- leaf weighte0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- 146 DAPe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By 146 DAP leaf weight was greater at high P levels, but CO2 enrichment accelerated tiller production to such an extent that final leaf weight was lower at high CO2”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 reduced final leaf weight.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. JarrahOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CO2 enrichmente0
- Outcome
- final leaf weighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By 146 DAP leaf weight was greater at high P levels, but CO2 enrichment accelerated tiller production to such an extent that final leaf weight was lower at high CO2”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 enrichment raised grain yield by up to 58%, even at low P.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. JarrahOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CO2 enrichmente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 58%e0
- Qualifier
- even at low soil P levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield was increased by up to 58% by CO2 enrichment, with increases occurring even at low soil P levels.”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 enrichment increased grain number per panicle.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. JarrahOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CO2 enrichmente1
- Outcome
- grain number per paniclee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was due mainly to an increase in grain number per panicle, although panicle number also increased.”
e1“Development (estimated by rate of tiller production and time to flowering) was faster with higher soil P levels and CO2 enrichment, the effect being more pronounced with CO2 enrichment.”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 enrichment increased panicle number.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. JarrahOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CO2 enrichmente1
- Outcome
- panicle numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was due mainly to an increase in grain number per panicle, although panicle number also increased.”
e1“Development (estimated by rate of tiller production and time to flowering) was faster with higher soil P levels and CO2 enrichment, the effect being more pronounced with CO2 enrichment.”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher soil P increased grain number.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. JarrahOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Higher soil P levelse0
- Outcome
- grain numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher soil P levels also increased grain number and yield.”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher soil P increased yield.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. JarrahOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Higher soil P levelse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher soil P levels also increased grain number and yield.”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 treatments did not change foliage P concentration.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. JarrahOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CO2 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- P concentration in the foliagee0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The P concentration in the foliage was unaffected by the CO2 treatments and the concentration required to produce maximum yield was 0.18% (dry wt basis) at both CO2 levels.”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum yield required 0.18% foliage P at both CO2 levels.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. JarrahOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- concentration required to produce maximum yielde0
- Value
- 0.18% (dry wt basis)e0
- Qualifier
- at both CO2 levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentration required to produce maximum yield was 0.18% (dry wt basis) at both CO2 levels.”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 plants accumulated more stem starch.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. JarrahOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high-CO2e0
- Outcome
- starch accumulation in the stemse0
- Direction
- Greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greater starch accumulation in the stems of high-CO2-grown plants may have accounted for the higher number of grains in each panicle.”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest greater stem starch accumulation may explain more grains per panicle under high CO2.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. Cv. JarrahOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- higher number of grains in each paniclee0
- Qualifier
- starch accumulation in the stemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greater starch accumulation in the stems of high-CO2-grown plants may have accounted for the higher number of grains in each panicle.”
t0“Oryza sativa L. Cv. Jarrah”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 26 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
50 papers more in this group
See all 54 papers →co2 · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
99 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
120 papers more in this group
See all 124 papers →co2 · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
130 papers in the same direction as this paper · 28 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
155 papers more in this group
See all 159 papers →phosphorus · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
132 papers in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
162 papers more in this group
See all 166 papers →phosphorus · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
418 papers in the same direction as this paper · 46 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
471 papers more in this group
See all 475 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.