Abstract
An experiment was carried out under laboratory condition to tackle low temperature stress by using salicylic acid (SA). Seeds of six common bean varieties (Polista, Nebraska, Goro, Helda, Duel and Giza 6) were soaked in water or 10 −4 M aerated solution of salicylic acid (SA) for 6 h. Treated and untreated seeds were germinated at 25 ○ C (optimal temperature) and at 15 ○ C (suboptimal temperature or chilling stress) under dark controlled conditions for 9 and 30 days , respectively. Germination and seedling growth of the six tested varieties were significantly hindered under low temperature. Seed treatments with SA significantly improved germination percentage, germination rate and seedling criteria, compared with control seeds under optimal and low temperature stress conditions. The content of Indolacetic acid (IAA), Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Abscisic acid (ABA) increased in the different varieties under study, in response to seed soaking in 10 −4 M SA at 15°C. GA3/ABA ratio showed maximum increase in Duel and Helda, while the lowest ratio was observed in Giza 6 and Nebraska seedlings. At the same low temperature, catalase activity was decreased, whereas that of polyphenol oxidase increased on using 10 -4 M SA. Peroxidase isozymes indicated five to three isozymes in seedlings of the six bean varieties. Salicylic acid treatment resulted in detecting (in Duel) and disappearance (in Nebraska) of peroxidase isozymes at Rf: 0.37, which might be responsible for tolerance and sensitivity mechanism, respectively. The present results indicated that, salicylic acid stimulated various growth aspects of bean seedlings perhaps through interference with the enzymatic activities responsible for biosynthesis and/or catabolism of growth promoting and inhibiting substances. Thus, it might be concluded that, SA could eliminate the adverse effects of cold stress in common bean. (Journal of American Science 2010;6(10):675-683). (ISSN: 1545-1003).
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
SA seed treatment improved germination percentage, germination rate and seedling criteria compared with control seeds under optimal and low temperature.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- Seed treatments with SAe0
- Outcome
- germination percentage, germination rate and seedling criteriae0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under optimal and low temperature stress conditionse0
- Comparator
- control seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid Ameliorates Germination, Seedling Growth, Phytohormone and Enzymes Activity in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Cold Stress”
e0“Seed treatments with SA significantly improved germination percentage, germination rate and seedling criteria, compared with control seeds under optimal and low temperature stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature significantly hindered germination and seedling growth of six bean varieties.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Germination and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- hinderede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid Ameliorates Germination, Seedling Growth, Phytohormone and Enzymes Activity in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Cold Stress”
e0“Germination and seedling growth of the six tested varieties were significantly hindered under low temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
SA seed soaking increased indolacetic acid, gibberellic acid and abscisic acid contents in the bean varieties.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- seed soakinge0
- Outcome
- The content of Indolacetic acid (IAA), Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid Ameliorates Germination, Seedling Growth, Phytohormone and Enzymes Activity in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Cold Stress”
e0“The content of Indolacetic acid (IAA), Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Abscisic acid (ABA) increased in the different varieties under study, in response to seed soaking”
Claim · model-written summary
The GA3/ABA ratio showed the maximum increase in Duel and Helda.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- Duel and Heldae0
- Outcome
- GA3/ABA ratioe0
- Direction
- maximum increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid Ameliorates Germination, Seedling Growth, Phytohormone and Enzymes Activity in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Cold Stress”
e0“GA3/ABA ratio showed maximum increase in Duel and Helda, while the lowest ratio was observed in Giza 6 and Nebraska seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The GA3/ABA ratio was lowest in Giza 6 and Nebraska seedlings.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- Giza 6 and Nebraskae0
- Outcome
- GA3/ABA ratioe0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid Ameliorates Germination, Seedling Growth, Phytohormone and Enzymes Activity in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Cold Stress”
e0“GA3/ABA ratio showed maximum increase in Duel and Helda, while the lowest ratio was observed in Giza 6 and Nebraska seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
SA at low temperature decreased catalase activity in bean seedlings.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- catalase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- At the same low temperaturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid Ameliorates Germination, Seedling Growth, Phytohormone and Enzymes Activity in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Cold Stress”
e0“At the same low temperature, catalase activity was decreased, whereas that of polyphenol oxidase increased on using 10 -4 M SA”
Claim · model-written summary
SA at low temperature increased polyphenol oxidase activity in bean seedlings.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- At the same low temperaturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid Ameliorates Germination, Seedling Growth, Phytohormone and Enzymes Activity in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Cold Stress”
e0“At the same low temperature, catalase activity was decreased, whereas that of polyphenol oxidase increased on using 10 -4 M SA”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase isozymes in bean seedlings were five to three isozymes across the six varieties.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- Peroxidase isozymese0
- Value
- five to three isozymese0
- Qualifier
- in seedlings of the six bean varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid Ameliorates Germination, Seedling Growth, Phytohormone and Enzymes Activity in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Cold Stress”
e0“Peroxidase isozymes indicated five to three isozymes in seedlings of the six bean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
SA treatment led to detection of a peroxidase isozyme at Rf 0.37 in Duel, a possible tolerance mechanism.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- Duele0
- Treatment
- Salicylic acid treatmente0
- Outcome
- peroxidase isozymes at Rf: 0.37e0
- Qualifier
- detectinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid Ameliorates Germination, Seedling Growth, Phytohormone and Enzymes Activity in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Cold Stress”
e0“Salicylic acid treatment resulted in detecting (in Duel) and disappearance (in Nebraska) of peroxidase isozymes at Rf: 0.37”
Claim · model-written summary
SA treatment led to disappearance of a peroxidase isozyme at Rf 0.37 in Nebraska, a possible sensitivity mechanism.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- Nebraskae0
- Treatment
- Salicylic acid treatmente0
- Outcome
- peroxidase isozymes at Rf: 0.37e0
- Qualifier
- disappearancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid Ameliorates Germination, Seedling Growth, Phytohormone and Enzymes Activity in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Cold Stress”
e0“Salicylic acid treatment resulted in detecting (in Duel) and disappearance (in Nebraska) of peroxidase isozymes at Rf: 0.37”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid stimulated growth aspects of bean seedlings.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- growth aspects of bean seedlingse0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid Ameliorates Germination, Seedling Growth, Phytohormone and Enzymes Activity in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Cold Stress”
e0“salicylic acid stimulated various growth aspects of bean seedlings perhaps through interference with the enzymatic activities responsible for biosynthesis and/or catabolism of growth promoting and inhibiting substances”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid may stimulate bean seedling growth through interference with enzymatic activities for growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting substances.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- growth aspects of bean seedlingse0
- Qualifier
- interference with the enzymatic activitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid Ameliorates Germination, Seedling Growth, Phytohormone and Enzymes Activity in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Cold Stress”
e0“salicylic acid stimulated various growth aspects of bean seedlings perhaps through interference with the enzymatic activities responsible for biosynthesis and/or catabolism of growth promoting and inhibiting substances”
Claim · model-written summary
SA could eliminate the adverse effects of cold stress in common bean.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- adverse effects of cold stresse0
- Direction
- eliminatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid Ameliorates Germination, Seedling Growth, Phytohormone and Enzymes Activity in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Cold Stress”
e0“SA could eliminate the adverse effects of cold stress in common bean”
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.