Abstract
Heavy soil compaction and crusting adversely affect the percentage and speed of seedling emergence, particularly in dicotyledonous epigeal plants. This study aimed to evaluate ways to cope with this phenomenon in kidney bean through hormonal priming. A factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomised design with three replications. The factors were seed priming (control, hydropriming, gibberellic acid 50 mg kg−1 (GA 50), GA 100, salicylic acid 50 mg kg−1 (SA 50), SA 100 and GA 50 + SA 50) and soil compaction (bulk density 1 340, 1 410, 1 470, 1 540 and 1 610 kg m–3). Results showed that soil compaction decreased root length and increased root branches. The longest root was observed following priming with GA 50 + SA 50 and no soil compaction (intact soil). Seed priming significantly affected seedling emergence and early growth indices. Priming improved root length and the number of root branches, while soil compaction suppressed root length and increased the number of root branches. Seed priming also significantly affected chlorophyll a, carotenoid, catalase and superoxide dismutase levels. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were increased by soil compaction, especially at 15% and 20% soil bulk density (ρ) (ρ = 1 540 and 1 610 kg m−3). In general, mild soil compaction (5% or ρ = 1 410 kg m−3) accelerated seedling emergence and improved growth. However, increased soil compaction by 15% or more, decreased root and shoot growth. Hydropriming decreased seedling emergence under soil compaction, and was unsuitable for such conditions. Combined hormonal priming (GA 50 + SA 50) was the best treatment for seed resilience to soil compaction.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Soil compaction decreased root length of kidney bean.
- Taxon
- kidney bean
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- soil compactione1
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in kidney bean through hormonal priming”
e1“soil compaction decreased root length and increased root branches”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil compaction increased root branches of kidney bean.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- soil compactione1
- Outcome
- root branchese1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in kidney bean through hormonal priming”
e1“soil compaction decreased root length and increased root branches”
Claim · model-written summary
Mild soil compaction (5%, 1410 kg m-3) accelerated seedling emergence and improved growth.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- mild soil compaction (5% or ρ = 1 410 kg m−3)e2
- Outcome
- seedling emergencee2
- Direction
- acceleratede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in kidney bean through hormonal priming”
e2“mild soil compaction (5% or ρ = 1 410 kg m−3) accelerated seedling emergence and improved growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil compaction of 15% or more decreased root and shoot growth.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- soil compaction by 15% or moree3
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in kidney bean through hormonal priming”
e3“increased soil compaction by 15% or more, decreased root and shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydropriming decreased seedling emergence under soil compaction.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Hydropriminge4
- Outcome
- seedling emergencee4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in kidney bean through hormonal priming”
e4“Hydropriming decreased seedling emergence under soil compaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil compaction increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- soil compactione5
- Outcome
- Superoxide dismutase and catalase activitiese5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in kidney bean through hormonal priming”
e5“Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were increased by soil compaction”
Claim · model-written summary
The longest root occurred with GA 50 + SA 50 priming and no soil compaction.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- priming with GA 50 + SA 50e7
- Outcome
- longest roote7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in kidney bean through hormonal priming”
e7“The longest root was observed following priming with GA 50 + SA 50 and no soil compaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined GA 50 + SA 50 priming is recommended as the best treatment for seed resilience to soil compaction.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Combined hormonal priming (GA 50 + SA 50)e6
- Outcome
- best treatment for seed resilience to soil compactione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in kidney bean through hormonal priming”
e6“Combined hormonal priming (GA 50 + SA 50) was the best treatment for seed resilience to soil compaction”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
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- negative
- negative
- no effect
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See all 22 papers →seed treatment · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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See all 38 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.