Abstract
Rising global CO2 levels are a major factor that impacts not only the environment but also many plant functions including growth, productivity and nutritional quality. The study examined the impact of elevated [CO2] on nutritional quality and growth characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Elevated [CO2] decreased the concentration of many important nutrients including nitrogen (protein), potassium and phosphorus in the edible parts of both lettuce and spinach. The nitrogen concentration in lettuce shoots was reduced by more than 30% at elevated [CO2] compared to the plants grown at ambient level of CO2. Similarly the concentration of a number of micronutrients including sulfur, zinc, copper and magnesium, was depressed in lettuce shoots. Although the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were higher in lettuce at elevated CO2, they were not affected in spinach. The photosynthetic activity was variable among the plant species while there was no increase in the carbon accumulation in these plants at elevated [CO2]. However, there was significant reduction in the leaf stomatal conductance in both lettuce and spinach in response to higher [CO2], which is likely affect both water loss from the leaves and their photosynthetic activity. The results indicate a broad adverse impact of rising [CO2] on the nutritional quality of commonly consumed leafy vegetables namely, lettuce and spinach.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased nitrogen (protein), potassium and phosphorus concentrations in the edible parts of lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae1 - Organ / stage
- edible partse1
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e1
- Outcome
- nitrogen (protein), potassium and phosphoruse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated [CO2] decreased the concentration of many important nutrients including nitrogen (protein), potassium and phosphorus in the edible parts of both lettuce and spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased nitrogen (protein), potassium and phosphorus concentrations in the edible parts of spinach.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceae1 - Organ / stage
- edible partse1
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e1
- Outcome
- nitrogen (protein), potassium and phosphoruse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated [CO2] decreased the concentration of many important nutrients including nitrogen (protein), potassium and phosphorus in the edible parts of both lettuce and spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced nitrogen concentration in lettuce shoots by more than 30%.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae2
- Organ / stage
- shootse2
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e2
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentratione2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- more than 30%e2
- Comparator
- ambient level of CO2e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The nitrogen concentration in lettuce shoots was reduced by more than 30% at elevated [CO2] compared to the plants grown at ambient level of CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 depressed concentrations of sulfur, zinc, copper and magnesium in lettuce shoots.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae3
- Organ / stage
- shootse3
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e1
- Outcome
- concentration of a number of micronutrients including sulfur, zinc, copper and magnesiume3
- Direction
- depressede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated [CO2] decreased the concentration of many important nutrients including nitrogen (protein), potassium and phosphorus in the edible parts of both lettuce and spinach”
e3“Similarly the concentration of a number of micronutrients including sulfur, zinc, copper and magnesium, was depressed in lettuce shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 raised total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae4
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e4
- Outcome
- total phenolic content and antioxidant capacitye4
- Direction
- highere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Although the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were higher in lettuce at elevated CO2, they were not affected in spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 did not affect total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in spinach.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae4
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e4
- Outcome
- total phenolic content and antioxidant capacitye4
- Direction
- not affectede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Although the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were higher in lettuce at elevated CO2, they were not affected in spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 did not increase carbon accumulation in lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e5
- Outcome
- carbon accumulatione5
- Direction
- no increasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the impact of elevated [CO2] on nutritional quality and growth characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea)”
e5“there was no increase in the carbon accumulation in these plants at elevated [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 did not increase carbon accumulation in spinach.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e5
- Outcome
- carbon accumulatione5
- Direction
- no increasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the impact of elevated [CO2] on nutritional quality and growth characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea)”
e5“there was no increase in the carbon accumulation in these plants at elevated [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher CO2 significantly reduced leaf stomatal conductance in lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae6
- Treatment
- higher [CO2]e6
- Outcome
- leaf stomatal conductancee6
- Direction
- reductione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“there was significant reduction in the leaf stomatal conductance in both lettuce and spinach in response to higher [CO2]”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher CO2 significantly reduced leaf stomatal conductance in spinach.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae6
- Treatment
- higher [CO2]e6
- Outcome
- leaf stomatal conductancee6
- Direction
- reductione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“there was significant reduction in the leaf stomatal conductance in both lettuce and spinach in response to higher [CO2]”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.