Abstract
Effect of three-dimension fertilizing mode (3-DFM) using CO2 and liquid/solid fractions of the digesate from anaerobic digester was investigated in quality and yield of lettuce. CO2, solid fraction of digestate (SFD), and liquid fraction of digestate (LFD) were used as fertilizer for gaseous fertilizer, the base fertilizer, and foliar fertilizer, respectively. The result showed that the 3-DFM was appropriate for lettuce. Lettuce's plant height, width and number of leaves growth amount were 29.25 cm, 22.38 cm, and 16.2 cm, which were 26.8%, 16.5%, and 18.4% higher than the control, respectively. The overall yield of lettuce was 30.78% more than that of the control. The soluble sugar content and the chlorophyll content in lettuce was the highest, which were 29.4% and 11.4% higher than the control. Under the CO2 and SFD condition, the content of vitamin C in lettuce, the content of free amino acid, crude protein and crude fiber contents of lettuce were the highest. The experimental study can provide an effective way to improve yield and quality of lettuce and utilize biogas plants wastes. CO2 is a greenhouse gas of tremendous hazards, and is also an indispensible important raw material during photosynthesis of green plants. A large amount of CO2 will be absorbed in the photosynthesis of plants, for example, 1-6 tons of CO2 will be consumed for synthesis of each ton of dry substances (Yu, 2008). Usually the content of CO2 is 0.03% in the air. The content of CO2 ordinary green plants need was 0.01%-0.1% (Zhu & Shi, 2008). However, due to the relatively closed environment in agricultural production in facilities with greenhouse sheds being the major construction type, the density of CO2 in the greenhouse in winter, early spring and autumn of low temperature was far lower than that in the environmental atmosphere, and the crops were hungry for CO2 with their growth and development being seriously restricted. CO2 was used for over 90% of tomato, cucumber, sweet pepper and strawberry as fertilizer in Holland (Madsen, 1974). The major sources of CO2 fertilization at domestic and abroad mainly included liquid CO2, fuel combustion, CO2 generator, CO2 particulate gas fertilizer and chemical reaction method. Liquid CO2 (Zhang, 2007) was transported through pipelines during fertilization, in which CO2 was injected through pressurization into the irrigating water flow, and the effect of yield increase was not desirable. Thus it could not be taken as the major way of CO2 fertilization for vegetables. The CO2 produced by fuel combustion could cause hazards of NOx, and need to be purified (Zhang & Gao, 1993). CO2 generator need natural gas, kerosene and propane as fuels, or specially burned coal ball, coke and charcoal etc., which had led to poor controllability, uneven gas thermal distribution, and misplacement of supply and demand for gas thermal energy, and hazards of polluting gases. Chemical reaction method was to produce CO2 gases by making use of sulfuric acid and ammonium carbonate, and was inconvenient to operate with poor controllability and a relatively high cost. Gas hazards tend to occur due to improper operation sometimes (Deng, 1999). Thus it is urgent to develop sources of CO2 fertilizer with stable supply and high effect which is free of environmental pollution.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
plant height was 26.8% higher than control.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- 3-DFMe1
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 26.8%e0
- Qualifier
- 29.25 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lettuce's plant height, width and number of leaves growth amount were 29.25 cm, 22.38 cm, and 16.2 cm, which were 26.8%, 16.5%, and 18.4% higher than the control, respectively”
t0“digesate from anaerobic digester on yield and quality of lettuce”
e1“Effect of three-dimension fertilizing mode (3-DFM) using CO2 and liquid/solid fractions of the digesate from anaerobic digester was investigated in quality and yield of lettuce.”
Claim · model-written summary
width was 16.5% higher than control.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 3-DFMe1
- Outcome
- widthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 16.5%e0
- Qualifier
- 22.38 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lettuce's plant height, width and number of leaves growth amount were 29.25 cm, 22.38 cm, and 16.2 cm, which were 26.8%, 16.5%, and 18.4% higher than the control, respectively”
t0“digesate from anaerobic digester on yield and quality of lettuce”
e1“Effect of three-dimension fertilizing mode (3-DFM) using CO2 and liquid/solid fractions of the digesate from anaerobic digester was investigated in quality and yield of lettuce.”
Claim · model-written summary
number of leaves was 18.4% higher than control.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 3-DFMe1
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 18.4%e0
- Qualifier
- 16.2 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lettuce's plant height, width and number of leaves growth amount were 29.25 cm, 22.38 cm, and 16.2 cm, which were 26.8%, 16.5%, and 18.4% higher than the control, respectively”
t0“digesate from anaerobic digester on yield and quality of lettuce”
e1“Effect of three-dimension fertilizing mode (3-DFM) using CO2 and liquid/solid fractions of the digesate from anaerobic digester was investigated in quality and yield of lettuce.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce yield was 30.78% greater than control.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- 3-DFMe1
- Outcome
- overall yielde0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 30.78%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall yield of lettuce was 30.78% more than that of the control”
t0“digesate from anaerobic digester on yield and quality of lettuce”
e1“Effect of three-dimension fertilizing mode (3-DFM) using CO2 and liquid/solid fractions of the digesate from anaerobic digester was investigated in quality and yield of lettuce.”
Claim · model-written summary
soluble sugar content was 29.4% higher than control.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- 3-DFMe1
- Outcome
- soluble sugar contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 29.4%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soluble sugar content and the chlorophyll content in lettuce was the highest, which were 29.4% and 11.4% higher than the control”
t0“digesate from anaerobic digester on yield and quality of lettuce”
e1“Effect of three-dimension fertilizing mode (3-DFM) using CO2 and liquid/solid fractions of the digesate from anaerobic digester was investigated in quality and yield of lettuce.”
Claim · model-written summary
chlorophyll content was 11.4% higher than control.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- 3-DFMe1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 11.4%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soluble sugar content and the chlorophyll content in lettuce was the highest, which were 29.4% and 11.4% higher than the control”
t0“digesate from anaerobic digester on yield and quality of lettuce”
e1“Effect of three-dimension fertilizing mode (3-DFM) using CO2 and liquid/solid fractions of the digesate from anaerobic digester was investigated in quality and yield of lettuce.”
Claim · model-written summary
content of vitamin C was highest under CO2 and SFD.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- CO2 and SFDe0
- Outcome
- content of vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the CO2 and SFD condition, the content of vitamin C in lettuce, the content of free amino acid, crude protein and crude fiber contents of lettuce were the highest”
Claim · model-written summary
content of free amino acid was highest under CO2 and SFD.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- CO2 and SFDe0
- Outcome
- content of free amino acide0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the CO2 and SFD condition, the content of vitamin C in lettuce, the content of free amino acid, crude protein and crude fiber contents of lettuce were the highest”
Claim · model-written summary
crude protein was highest under CO2 and SFD.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- CO2 and SFDe0
- Outcome
- crude proteine0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the CO2 and SFD condition, the content of vitamin C in lettuce, the content of free amino acid, crude protein and crude fiber contents of lettuce were the highest”
Claim · model-written summary
crude fiber contents was highest under CO2 and SFD.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- CO2 and SFDe0
- Outcome
- crude fiber contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the CO2 and SFD condition, the content of vitamin C in lettuce, the content of free amino acid, crude protein and crude fiber contents of lettuce were the highest”
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