Abstract
The effect of bunch shading during early development (before the onset of ripening) and/or during ripening on the phenolic composition of grape skins ( Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) as well as on the mRNA levels of the biosynthetic genes on the flavonoid pathway was examined. Shading during early development resulted in decreased proanthocyanidin (PA) concentrations. The PA concentrations decreased during ripening, and the decrease of the concentrations was lower in berries shaded during early development than that in the exposed berries. Thus, no significant effect of shading during early development was observed at harvest. Shading during ripening did not influence this decline in the PAs. On the other hand, shading during early development induced changes in the composition such as a decrease of the trihydroxylated subunits within PAs, which agreed with the relative decrease of VvF3 ′ 5 ′ H expression. The anthocyanin concentrations were remarkably reduced when the bunches were shaded during ripening, which was in accordance with the decreased transcription of several anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and transcriptional factors. Shading during early development did not influence the anthocyanin concentrations at harvest; however, it decreased the proportion of trihydroxylated anthocyanins. Thus, shading during early development also had an influence on the compounds biosynthesized during ripening.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Shading during early development decreased proanthocyanidin concentrations in berry skins.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferae1 - Material
- Cabernet Sauvignone1
- Treatment
- Shading during early developmente2
- Outcome
- proanthocyanidin (PA) concentrationse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon”
e2“Shading during early development resulted in decreased proanthocyanidin (PA) concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
The decline in PA concentrations during ripening was smaller in berries shaded during early development than in exposed berries.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- shaded during early developmente3
- Outcome
- decrease of the concentrationse3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Comparator
- exposed berriese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon”
e3“the decrease of the concentrations was lower in berries shaded during early development than that in the exposed berries”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading during early development had no significant effect on PA concentrations at harvest.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- shading during early developmente4
- Outcome
- PA concentrationse5
- Direction
- no significant effecte4
- Qualifier
- at harveste4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon”
e4“Thus, no significant effect of shading during early development was observed at harvest”
e5“The PA concentrations decreased during ripening”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading during ripening did not influence the decline in PA concentrations.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- Shading during ripeninge6
- Outcome
- decline in the PAse6
- Direction
- did not influencee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon”
e6“Shading during ripening did not influence this decline in the PAs”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading during early development decreased the proportion of trihydroxylated subunits within PAs.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- shading during early developmente7
- Outcome
- trihydroxylated subunits within PAse7
- Direction
- decreasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon”
e7“shading during early development induced changes in the composition such as a decrease of the trihydroxylated subunits within PAs, which agreed with the relative decrease of VvF3 ′ 5 ′ H expression”
Claim · model-written summary
The decrease in trihydroxylated PA subunits agreed with a relative decrease in VvF3 ′ 5 ′ H expression under early shading.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- shading during early developmente7
- Gene
- VvF3 ′ 5 ′ He7
- Outcome
- VvF3 ′ 5 ′ H expressione7
- Direction
- relative decreasee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon”
e7“shading during early development induced changes in the composition such as a decrease of the trihydroxylated subunits within PAs, which agreed with the relative decrease of VvF3 ′ 5 ′ H expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading during ripening remarkably reduced anthocyanin concentrations at harvest.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- shaded during ripeninge2
- Outcome
- anthocyanin concentrationse2
- Direction
- remarkably reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon”
e2“The anthocyanin concentrations were remarkably reduced when the bunches were shaded during ripening”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading during ripening decreased transcription of several anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and transcriptional factors.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- shaded during ripeninge2
- Gene
- anthocyanin biosynthetic genese3
- Outcome
- transcription of several anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and transcriptional factorse3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon”
e2“The anthocyanin concentrations were remarkably reduced when the bunches were shaded during ripening”
e3“which was in accordance with the decreased transcription of several anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and transcriptional factors”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading during early development did not influence anthocyanin concentrations at harvest.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- Shading during early developmente2
- Outcome
- anthocyanin concentrations at harveste2
- Direction
- did not influencee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon”
e2“Shading during early development did not influence the anthocyanin concentrations at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading during early development decreased the proportion of trihydroxylated anthocyanins.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae1
- Treatment
- Shading during early developmente2
- Outcome
- proportion of trihydroxylated anthocyaninse3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon”
e2“Shading during early development did not influence the anthocyanin concentrations at harvest”
e3“however, it decreased the proportion of trihydroxylated anthocyanins”
The same questions in other papers
shade · quality: phytochemicals · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →shade · molecular: metabolites · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.