Abstract
This study characterizes the environmental factors driving rotundone concentrations in grape berries by quantifying rotundone variability and correlating it with viticultural parameters. Dissection of the vineyard into distinct zones (on the basis of vigor, electrical soil conductivity, and slope), vine into orientations to sun (shaded/unshaded), and grape bunches into sectors (upper and lower and front and back) shows the influence of vine vigor, sunlight, and temperature. Occurrence of the highest rotundone concentration was observed in shaded bunch sectors and vines and from higher vigor vines in the southern-facing areas of the vineyard. The highest concentration of rotundone is consistently found at the top and in shaded sectors of bunches, and this correlates to lower grape surface temperatures. Modeling showed that berry temperature exceeding 25 °C negatively affects the rotundone concentration in Shiraz. Both natural and artificial shading modulated the grape surface and air temperature at the bunch zone and increased the rotundone concentration, without affecting other grape berry quality parameters. Thus, temperature and possibly sunlight interception are the main determinants of rotundone in grape berries. Vineyard topography, vine vigor, vine row, and grape bunch orientation influence the level of berry shading and can, therefore, adjust bunch surface and zone temperatures and influence the berry rotundone concentration.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Rotundone was highest in shaded bunch sectors and vines.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz
Vitis viniferat0 - Organ / stage
- bunch sectorse0
- Outcome
- rotundone concentratione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- shaded bunch sectors and vinese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz”
e0“highest rotundone concentration was observed in shaded bunch sectors and vines”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotundone was highest in higher-vigor vines in the southern-facing vineyard area.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. ShirazVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- rotundone concentratione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- southern-facing areas of the vineyarde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz”
e0“highest rotundone concentration was observed in shaded bunch sectors and vines and from higher vigor vines in the southern-facing areas of the vineyard”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotundone concentration was consistently highest at the top of bunches.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. ShirazVitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- tope0
- Outcome
- concentration of rotundonee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz”
e0“The highest concentration of rotundone is consistently found at the top and in shaded sectors of bunches”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher rotundone in shaded bunch sectors correlated with lower grape surface temperatures.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. ShirazVitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- bunchese0
- Outcome
- grape surface temperaturese0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz”
e0“in shaded sectors of bunches, and this correlates to lower grape surface temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Modeling found berry temperatures above 25 °C negatively affected rotundone concentration.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. ShirazVitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- berrye0
- Outcome
- rotundone concentratione0
- Direction
- negatively affectse0
- Qualifier
- berry temperature exceeding 25 °Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz”
e0“berry temperature exceeding 25 °C negatively affects the rotundone concentration in Shiraz”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural shading increased rotundone concentration while modulating bunch-zone temperature.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. ShirazVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- naturale0
- Outcome
- rotundone concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz”
e0“Both natural and artificial shading modulated the grape surface and air temperature at the bunch zone and increased the rotundone concentration, without affecting other grape berry quality parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial shading increased rotundone concentration while modulating bunch-zone temperature.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. ShirazVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- artificial shadinge0
- Outcome
- rotundone concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz”
e0“Both natural and artificial shading modulated the grape surface and air temperature at the bunch zone and increased the rotundone concentration, without affecting other grape berry quality parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading modulated grape surface and air temperatures at the bunch zone.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. ShirazVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- natural and artificial shadinge0
- Outcome
- grape surface and air temperaturee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz”
e0“Both natural and artificial shading modulated the grape surface and air temperature at the bunch zone”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading did not affect other grape berry quality parameters.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera L. cv. ShirazVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- other grape berry quality parameterse0
- Direction
- without affectinge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz”
e0“without affecting other grape berry quality parameters”
The same questions in other papers
shade · molecular: metabolites · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.