Abstract
Introduction The biology of the grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) is clearly influenced by the climatic conditions of the growing environment, where temperature and light play a major role in modifying plant physiology. In the scenario of climatic changes, radiative excess, correlated to the increase in temperature, can concretely subject the photosynthetic apparatus to a condition of light saturation and cause a drastic reduction in photochemical efficiency, giving rise to chronic photoinhibition phenomena. Undoubtedly, the ripening behavior also undergo evident alterations; the problem of sugar ripening, which is often strongly accelerated, is induced not only by high temperatures but also by the excess concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which results in a higher ripening. In addition, high berry temperatures favor a reduction in the concentration of organic acids. The reported trends indicate that the need for urgent action is closely linked to the future environmental impacts that these changes could have on the entire wine sector. In recent years, shade treatments have been applied to the vine canopy to overcome this issue. Methods The objective of this study was to determine how artificial canopy shading affects the vines vegetative growth and the ripening processes of Vitis vinifera cv. Nero d’Avola during the 2019-2020 vegetative seasons. Three treatments were established: shading treatment with a green net (shade factor 27%), shading treatment with a white net (shade factor 32%), and untreated vines, thus naturally exposed to light radiation. Results and discussion Artificial shading, applied at full fruit set, interfered with the microclimate of the vines, causing partial effects on the grape ripening processes. At harvest, significant differences were found between the treatments in terms of sugars, also shading treatments increased must acidity and decrease pH. Results obtained on vegetative parameters, suggest that the shading treatment delays leaf fall, with potentially positive effects on the starch accumulation on perennial reserve organs to be exploited at the following season’s sprouting. Shading significantly reduced berry size, with obvious consequences on bunch weight and yield per vine. In 2020, shaded plants showed a delay in all the phenological phases. The total anthocyanins content was not changed by the shading treatment. The results obtained confirm the importance of net coverage on the microclimate of the vines, vegetative-productive activity, and grapes quality. From this point of view, the net covering technique can be a tool for controlling grapes ripening dynamics in the context of climate change.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Shading significantly differed in sugars at harvest in Vitis vinifera.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferae0 - Treatment
- shading treatmentse2
- Outcome
- sugarse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cv. Nero”
e1“At harvest, significant differences were found between the treatments in terms of sugars”
e2“also shading treatments increased must acidity and decrease pH”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading increased must acidity in Vitis vinifera.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- shading treatmentse2
- Outcome
- must aciditye2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cv. Nero”
e2“also shading treatments increased must acidity and decrease pH”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading decreased must pH in Vitis vinifera.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- shading treatmentse2
- Outcome
- pHe2
- Direction
- decreasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cv. Nero”
e2“also shading treatments increased must acidity and decrease pH”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading treatment is suggested to delay leaf fall in Vitis vinifera.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- the shading treatmente3
- Outcome
- leaf falle3
- Direction
- delayse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cv. Nero”
e3“suggest that the shading treatment delays leaf fall”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading significantly reduced berry size in Vitis vinifera.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- Shadinge4
- Outcome
- berry sizee4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cv. Nero”
e4“Shading significantly reduced berry size”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading had obvious consequences on bunch weight and yield per vine in Vitis vinifera.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- Shadinge4
- Outcome
- bunch weight and yield per vinee5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cv. Nero”
e4“Shading significantly reduced berry size”
e5“obvious consequences on bunch weight and yield per vine”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2020, shaded Vitis vinifera plants showed a delay in all phenological phases.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- shaded plantse6
- Outcome
- all the phenological phasese6
- Direction
- delaye6
- Setting
- 2020e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cv. Nero”
e6“In 2020, shaded plants showed a delay in all the phenological phases”
Claim · model-written summary
The shading treatment did not change total anthocyanins content in Vitis vinifera.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- the shading treatmente7
- Outcome
- total anthocyanins contente7
- Direction
- not changede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cv. Nero”
e7“The total anthocyanins content was not changed by the shading treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Net covering can be a tool for controlling grape ripening dynamics in Vitis vinifera under climate change.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- net covering techniquee1
- Outcome
- controlling grapes ripening dynamicse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cv. Nero”
e1“the net covering technique can be a tool for controlling grapes ripening dynamics”
The same questions in other papers
shade · quality: phytochemicals · Vitis vinifera (wine grape)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.