Abstract
KNOX transcription factors (TFs) regulate different aspects of plant development essentially through their effects on phytohormone metabolism. In particular, KNOX TF SHOOTMERISTEMLESS activates the cytokinin biosynthesis ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE (IPT) genes in the shoot apical meristem. However, the role of KNOX TFs in symbiotic nodule development and their possible effects on phytohormone metabolism during nodulation have not been studied to date. Cytokinin is a well-known regulator of nodule development, playing the key role in the regulation of cell division during nodule primordium formation. Recently, the activation of IPT genes was shown to take place during nodulation. Therefore, it was hypothesized that KNOX TFs may regulate nodule development and activate cytokinin biosynthesis upon nodulation. This study analysed the expression of different KNOX genes in Medicago truncatula Gaertn. and Pisum sativum L. Among them, the KNOX3 gene was upregulated in response to rhizobial inoculation in both species. pKNOX3::GUS activity was observed in developing nodule primordium. KNOX3 ectopic expression caused the formation of nodule-like structures on transgenic root without bacterial inoculation, a phenotype similar to one described previously for legumes with constitutive activation of the cytokinin receptor. Furthermore, in transgenic roots with MtKNOX3 knockdown, downregulation of A-type cytokinin response genes was found, as well as the MtIPT3 and LONELYGUY2 (MtLOG2) gene being involved in cytokinin activation. Taken together, these findings suggest that KNOX3 gene is involved in symbiotic nodule development and may regulate cytokinin biosynthesis/activation upon nodule development in legume plants.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
KNOX3 was upregulated after rhizobial inoculation in Medicago truncatula.
- Taxon
- Medicago truncatula
Medicago truncatulae0 - Treatment
- rhizobial inoculatione1
- Interactor
- rhizobiale1symbiont
- Gene
- KNOX3e1
- Outcome
- KNOX3 genee1
- Direction
- upregulatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago truncatula Gaertn. and Pisum sativum L.”
e1“the KNOX3 gene was upregulated in response to rhizobial inoculation in both species.”
Claim · model-written summary
KNOX3 was upregulated after rhizobial inoculation in Pisum sativum.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- rhizobial inoculatione1
- Interactor
- rhizobiale1symbiont
- Gene
- KNOX3e1
- Outcome
- KNOX3 genee1
- Direction
- upregulatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago truncatula Gaertn. and Pisum sativum L.”
e1“the KNOX3 gene was upregulated in response to rhizobial inoculation in both species.”
Claim · model-written summary
pKNOX3::GUS activity was observed in developing nodule primordium.
- Taxon
- Medicago truncatulaMedicago truncatulae0
- Organ / stage
- developing nodule primordiume1
- Gene
- pKNOX3::GUSe1
- Outcome
- pKNOX3::GUS activitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago truncatula Gaertn. and Pisum sativum L.”
e1“pKNOX3::GUS activity was observed in developing nodule primordium.”
Claim · model-written summary
KNOX3 ectopic expression caused nodule-like structures on transgenic roots without bacterial inoculation.
- Taxon
- Medicago truncatulaMedicago truncatulae0
- Organ / stage
- transgenic roote1
- Treatment
- KNOX3 ectopic expressione1
- Gene
- KNOX3e1
- Outcome
- nodule-like structurese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago truncatula Gaertn. and Pisum sativum L.”
e1“KNOX3 ectopic expression caused the formation of nodule-like structures on transgenic root without bacterial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
MtKNOX3 knockdown downregulated A-type cytokinin response genes.
- Taxon
- Medicago truncatulaMedicago truncatulae0
- Treatment
- MtKNOX3 knockdowne1
- Gene
- A-type cytokinin response genese1
- Outcome
- A-type cytokinin response genese1
- Direction
- downregulatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago truncatula Gaertn. and Pisum sativum L.”
e1“in transgenic roots with MtKNOX3 knockdown, downregulation of A-type cytokinin response genes was found”
Claim · model-written summary
MtKNOX3 knockdown downregulated MtIPT3.
- Taxon
- Medicago truncatulaMedicago truncatulae0
- Treatment
- MtKNOX3 knockdowne1
- Gene
- MtIPT3e1
- Outcome
- MtIPT3e1
- Direction
- downregulatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago truncatula Gaertn. and Pisum sativum L.”
e1“in transgenic roots with MtKNOX3 knockdown, downregulation of A-type cytokinin response genes was found, as well as the MtIPT3 and LONELYGUY2 (MtLOG2) gene”
Claim · model-written summary
MtKNOX3 knockdown downregulated MtLOG2.
- Taxon
- Medicago truncatulaMedicago truncatulae0
- Treatment
- MtKNOX3 knockdowne1
- Gene
- MtLOG2e1
- Outcome
- MtLOG2e1
- Direction
- downregulatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago truncatula Gaertn. and Pisum sativum L.”
e1“in transgenic roots with MtKNOX3 knockdown, downregulation of A-type cytokinin response genes was found, as well as the MtIPT3 and LONELYGUY2 (MtLOG2) gene”
Claim · model-written summary
KNOX3 may regulate cytokinin biosynthesis or activation during nodule development.
- Taxon
- Medicago truncatulaMedicago truncatulae0
- Organ / stage
- nodule developmente1
- Gene
- KNOX3e1
- Outcome
- cytokinin biosynthesis/activatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago truncatula Gaertn. and Pisum sativum L.”
e1“KNOX3 gene is involved in symbiotic nodule development and may regulate cytokinin biosynthesis/activation upon nodule development”
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