Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) can provide a shortcut to plants with altered expression of specific genes. Here, we report that VIGS of the Nodule inception gene (Nin) can alter the nodulation phenotype and Nin gene expression in Pisum sativum. PsNin was chosen as target because of the distinct non-nodulating phenotype of nin mutants in P. sativum, Lotus japonicus, and Medicago truncatula. The vector based on Pea early browning virus (PEBV) was engineered to carry one of three nonoverlapping fragments (PsNinA, PsNinB, and PsNinC) derived from the PsNin cDNA. Vector inoculation was mediated by agroinfiltration and, 2 weeks later, a Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae culture was added in order to induce root nodulation. At this time point, it was estimated that systemic silencing was established because leaves of reference plants inoculated with PEBV carrying a fragment of Phytoene desaturase displayed photo bleaching. Three weeks after Rhizobium spp. application, plants inoculated with a control vector nodulated normally, whereas nodulation was almost eliminated in plants inoculated with a vector carrying PsNinA and PsNinC. For plants inoculated with a vector carrying PsNinB, nodulation was reduced by at least 45%. Down-regulation of PsNin transcripts in plants inoculated with vectors carrying PsNin cDNA fragments was confirmed and these plants displayed a relative increase in the root/shoot ratio, as expected if nitrogen fixation had been impaired.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The reference VIGS plants showed photo bleaching after PEBV vector inoculation.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum
Lathyrus oleraceuse1 - Treatment
- inoculated with PEBV carrying a fragment of Phytoene desaturasee0
- Gene
- Phytoene desaturasee0
- Outcome
- photo bleachinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaves of reference plants inoculated with PEBV carrying a fragment of Phytoene desaturase displayed photo bleaching”
e1“in Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
PsNinA vector inoculation almost eliminated nodulation compared with a control vector after rhizobial application.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- inoculated with a vector carrying PsNinAe0
- Gene
- PsNinAe0
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- almost eliminatede0
- Comparator
- plants inoculated with a control vectore0
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants inoculated with a control vector nodulated normally, whereas nodulation was almost eliminated in plants inoculated with a vector carrying PsNinA”
e1“in Pisum sativum”
e2“Three weeks after Rhizobium spp. application”
Claim · model-written summary
PsNinC vector inoculation almost eliminated nodulation compared with a control vector after rhizobial application.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- inoculated with a vector carrying PsNinA and PsNinCe0
- Gene
- PsNinCe0
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- almost eliminatede0
- Comparator
- plants inoculated with a control vectore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants inoculated with a control vector nodulated normally, whereas nodulation was almost eliminated in plants inoculated with a vector carrying PsNinA and PsNinC”
e1“in Pisum sativum”
e2“Three weeks after Rhizobium spp. application”
Claim · model-written summary
PsNinB vector inoculation reduced nodulation by at least 45%.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- inoculated with a vector carrying PsNinBe0
- Gene
- PsNinBe0
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- at least 45%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For plants inoculated with a vector carrying PsNinB, nodulation was reduced by at least 45%”
e1“in Pisum sativum”
e2“Three weeks after Rhizobium spp. application”
Claim · model-written summary
Vectors carrying PsNin fragments downregulated PsNin transcripts.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- inoculated with vectors carrying PsNin cDNA fragmentse0
- Gene
- PsNine0
- Outcome
- PsNin transcriptse0
- Direction
- Down-regulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Down-regulation of PsNin transcripts in plants inoculated with vectors carrying PsNin cDNA fragments was confirmed”
e1“in Pisum sativum”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants receiving PsNin-fragment vectors had an increased root/shoot ratio.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse2
- Treatment
- inoculated with vectors carrying PsNin cDNA fragmentse1
- Outcome
- root/shoot ratioe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these plants displayed a relative increase in the root/shoot ratio”
e1“plants inoculated with vectors carrying PsNin cDNA fragments”
e2“in Pisum sativum”
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inoculation · Rhizobium · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results differ
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- positive
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7 in the opposite direction
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.