Abstract
Two strains, 30N-5 and 30VD-1, identified as Bacillus simplex and B. subtilis, were isolated from the rhizospheres of two different plants, a Podocarpus and a palm, respectively, growing in the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden. B. subtilis is a well-known plant-growth promoting bacterial species, but B. simplex is not. B. simplex 30N-5 was initially isolated on a nitrogen-free medium, but no evidence for nitrogen fixation was found. Nevertheless, pea plants inoculated with B. simplex showed a change in root architecture due to the emergence of more lateral roots. When Pisum sativum carrying a DR5::GUSA construct, an indicator for auxin response, was inoculated with either B. simplex 30N-5 or its symbiont Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 128C53, GUS expression in the roots was increased over the uninoculated controls. Moreover, when pea roots were coinoculated with either B. simplex 30N-5 or B. subtilis 30VD-1 and R. leguminosarum bv. viciae 128C53, the nodules were larger, clustered, and developed more highly branched vascular bundles. Besides producing siderophores and solubilizing phosphate, the two Bacillus spp., especially strain 30VD-1, exhibited anti-fungal activity towards Fusarium. Our data show that combining nodulating, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia with growth-promoting bacteria enhances plant development and strongly supports a coinoculation strategy to improve nitrogen fixation, increase biomass, and establish greater resistance to fungal disease.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
B. simplex 30N-5 lacked evidence of nitrogen fixation.
- Taxon
- Pea
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Interactor
- B. simplex 30N-5
.jpg?width=60)
Peribacillus simplexe0symbiont - Outcome
- no evidence for nitrogen fixatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“B. simplex 30N-5 was initially isolated on a nitrogen-free medium, but no evidence for nitrogen fixation was found.”
t0“Pea Legume”
Claim · model-written summary
B. simplex inoculation induced more lateral roots in pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- inoculated with B. simplexe0
- Interactor
- B. simplexPeribacillus simplexe0symbiont
- Outcome
- lateral rootse0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pea plants inoculated with B. simplex showed a change in root architecture due to the emergence of more lateral roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
B. simplex 30N-5 increased root GUS expression.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- DR5::GUSAe0
- Treatment
- inoculated with either B. simplex 30N-5e0
- Interactor
- B. simplex 30N-5Peribacillus simplexe0symbiont
- Outcome
- GUS expression in the rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When Pisum sativum carrying a DR5::GUSA construct, an indicator for auxin response, was inoculated with either B. simplex 30N-5 or its symbiont Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 128C53, GUS expression in the roots was increased over the uninoculated controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium inoculation increased root GUS expression.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 128C53e0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 128C53Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 128C53e0symbiont
- Outcome
- GUS expression in the rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When Pisum sativum carrying a DR5::GUSA construct, an indicator for auxin response, was inoculated with either B. simplex 30N-5 or its symbiont Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 128C53, GUS expression in the roots was increased over the uninoculated controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
B. simplex plus rhizobia produced larger, clustered nodules with more branched vascular bundles.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- B. simplex 30N-5e0
- Interactor
- R. leguminosarum bv. viciae 128C53
Rhizobium leguminosarume0symbiont - Second interactor
- B. simplex 30N-5Peribacillus simplexe0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodules were larger, clustered, and developed more highly branched vascular bundlese0
- Direction
- largere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when pea roots were coinoculated with either B. simplex 30N-5 or B. subtilis 30VD-1 and R. leguminosarum bv. viciae 128C53, the nodules were larger, clustered, and developed more highly branched vascular bundles.”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis plus rhizobia produced larger, clustered nodules with more branched vascular bundles.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis 30VD-1e0
- Interactor
- R. leguminosarum bv. viciae 128C53Rhizobium leguminosarume0symbiont
- Second interactor
- B. subtilis 30VD-1
Bacillus subtilise0symbiont - Outcome
- nodules were larger, clustered, and developed more highly branched vascular bundlese0
- Direction
- largere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when pea roots were coinoculated with either B. simplex 30N-5 or B. subtilis 30VD-1 and R. leguminosarum bv. viciae 128C53, the nodules were larger, clustered, and developed more highly branched vascular bundles.”
Claim · model-written summary
Both Bacillus strains produced siderophores and solubilized phosphate.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp.e0symbiont
- Outcome
- producing siderophores and solubilizing phosphatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Besides producing siderophores and solubilizing phosphate, the two Bacillus spp., especially strain 30VD-1, exhibited anti-fungal activity towards Fusarium.”
t0“Pea Legume”
Claim · model-written summary
Both Bacillus strains, especially 30VD-1, had antifungal activity against Fusarium.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Second interactor
- Bacillus spp.e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- anti-fungal activity towards Fusariume0
- Qualifier
- especially strain 30VD-1e0
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the two Bacillus spp., especially strain 30VD-1, exhibited anti-fungal activity towards Fusarium.”
t0“Pea Legume”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors support coinoculation to improve nitrogen fixation, biomass and fungal resistance.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- coinoculation strategy to improve nitrogen fixation, increase biomass, and establish greater resistance to fungal diseasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strongly supports a coinoculation strategy to improve nitrogen fixation, increase biomass, and establish greater resistance to fungal disease.”
t0“Pea Legume”
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See all 89 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.