Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum leads to significant yield losses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in many provinces of Iran, especially in the northern provinces in the margin of Caspian Sea. One strategy for the control of FHB is to use antagonistic bacteria that are plant growth promoting. In order to assess the potential of phyllospheric microorganisms in biological control of FHB, one hundred and ninety isolates of Pseudomonas, Erwinia and Bacillus spp. were collected from phyllosphere of healthy and infected wheats. Among them, eight isolates were selected and purified with the most antagonistic ability against the growth of pathogenic fungal species (F. graminearum) using the dual culture method. According to the results of biochemical and physiological tests, they were identified as three biovar of Pseudomonas fluorescens, one isolate of them was Erwinia herbicola and two species of Bacillus such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. Production of antifungal substances and volatile metabolites, siderophores and secretion of lytic enzymes such as protease and cellulase were evaluated as the inhibitory mechanisms in vitro. Furthermore, the effects of antagonistic bacteria were studied on severity and incidence of disease caused by F. graminearum in greenhouse conditions. Statistical analysis of data indicated that wheat spikes treatment with antagonistic bacteria not only reduced the severity and incidence of disease compared with the control but also showed positive influence on growth and yield of wheat cultivars. In general, multiple isolates such as B. subtilis 1 and P. fluorescens bv. 1 and 4 together were determined as the most effective strains in reducing incidence of disease. It can be concluded that multiple antagonistic isolates have better effects of control than single isolate. Key words: Biological control, Fusarium head blight, Fusarium graminearum,Pseudomonas fluorescens, Erwinia herbicola and Bacillus subtilis.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Eight phyllosphere isolates had the strongest antagonism against F. graminearum growth.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- growth of pathogenic fungal species (F. graminearum)e0
- Direction
- most antagonistic abilitye0
- Value
- eight isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Among them, eight isolates were selected and purified with the most antagonistic ability against the growth of pathogenic fungal species (F. graminearum) using the dual culture method.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected antagonists included three biovars of Pseudomonas fluorescens.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- three biovar of Pseudomonas fluorescense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“According to the results of biochemical and physiological tests, they were identified as three biovar of Pseudomonas fluorescens, one isolate of them was Erwinia herbicola and two species of Bacillus such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
One antagonist was identified as Erwinia herbicola.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Erwinia herbicola
Pantoea agglomeranse0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- one isolate of them was Erwinia herbicolae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“According to the results of biochemical and physiological tests, they were identified as three biovar of Pseudomonas fluorescens, one isolate of them was Erwinia herbicola and two species of Bacillus such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonists included Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Second interactor
- Bacillus cereus
Bacillus cereuse0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“According to the results of biochemical and physiological tests, they were identified as three biovar of Pseudomonas fluorescens, one isolate of them was Erwinia herbicola and two species of Bacillus such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonistic bacteria reduced disease severity and incidence of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- wheat spikes treatment with antagonistic bacteriae0
- Outcome
- severity and incidence of diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Statistical analysis of data indicated that wheat spikes treatment with antagonistic bacteria not only reduced the severity and incidence of disease compared with the control but also showed positive influence on growth and yield of wheat cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonistic bacteria improved growth and yield of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- wheat spikes treatment with antagonistic bacteriae0
- Outcome
- growth and yield of wheat cultivarse0
- Direction
- positive influencee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Statistical analysis of data indicated that wheat spikes treatment with antagonistic bacteria not only reduced the severity and incidence of disease compared with the control but also showed positive influence on growth and yield of wheat cultivars.”
Claim · model-written summary
A mixture including B. subtilis 1 and P. fluorescens bv. 1 and 4 was most effective at reducing disease incidence.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis 1 and P. fluorescens bv. 1 and 4 togethere0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis 1Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescens bv. 1 and 4Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- incidence of diseasee0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In general, multiple isolates such as B. subtilis 1 and P. fluorescens bv. 1 and 4 together were determined as the most effective strains in reducing incidence of disease.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Multiple antagonistic isolates controlled wheat head blight better than a single isolate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- effects of controle0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- single isolatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It can be concluded that multiple antagonistic isolates have better effects of control than single isolate.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
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