Abstract
Abstract In pot experiments, the effect of introduced rhizosphere bacteria promoting plant growth on the yield and chemical composition of spring wheat grown in humus horizon of the Luvic Retic Greyzemic Phaeozems (Loamic) artificially contaminated with a water-soluble nickel compound has been studied. Application of Pseudomonas fluorescens 20, P. fluorescens 21, and P. putida 23 bacteria increased plant resistance to elevated nickel concentration and increased yields, significantly reducing or completely eliminating heavy metal phytotoxicity. The resistance of plants to impact of nickel stress when using bacteria has been caused by: (a) stimulation of root growth and an increase of nickel accumulation in root system; (b) improvement of mineral nutrition of plants—an increase of uptake of biophilic elements from contaminated soil due to an increase in yield, in general, without significant changes in the content of most elements in plants, including grain. Application of bacteria increased uptake of nickel from soil by the aboveground organs of plants, thereby enhancing phytoextraction, soil purification from heavy metal, and, consequently, soil remediation. The distribution of nickel in soil in fractions isolated by the method of consecutive selective extractions has been determined. In the first half of the growing season, application of bacteria increased the content of nickel in soil, mainly in the exchangeable and specifically bound fractions and, to a lesser extent, in fractions associated with organic matter and ferruginous minerals, and decreased the content of the metal in the residual fraction. The increase of nickel accumulation in plants as a result of bacteria application corresponded to increased heavy metal content in soil, mostly in compounds associated with exchangeable and specifically bound fractions. At full maturity of plants, no significant changes were found in the fractional composition of Ni in soil. Application of bacteria can be recommended in the development of strategies for remediation of nickel-contaminated soils based on environmentally friendly technologies.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Each introduced bacterium increased wheat nickel resistance and yield.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescens 20, P. fluorescens 21, and P. putida 23 bacteriae0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens 20
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont - Outcome
- plant resistance to elevated nickel concentration and increased yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Application of Pseudomonas fluorescens 20, P. fluorescens 21, and P. putida 23 bacteria increased plant resistance to elevated nickel concentration and increased yields”
e1“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial application stimulated root growth and nickel accumulation in roots.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescens 20, P. fluorescens 21, and P. putida 23 bacteriae1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens 20Pseudomonas fluorescense1symbiont
- Outcome
- root growth and an increase of nickel accumulation in root systeme0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stimulation of root growth and an increase of nickel accumulation in root system”
e1“Application of Pseudomonas fluorescens 20, P. fluorescens 21, and P. putida 23 bacteria”
e2“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial application improved mineral nutrition and biophilic element uptake.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescens 20, P. fluorescens 21, and P. putida 23 bacteriae1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens 20Pseudomonas fluorescense1symbiont
- Outcome
- uptake of biophilic elementse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improvement of mineral nutrition of plants—an increase of uptake of biophilic elements from contaminated soil”
e1“Application of Pseudomonas fluorescens 20, P. fluorescens 21, and P. putida 23 bacteria”
e2“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Most element contents in wheat, including grain, did not change significantly.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Outcome
- content of most elements in plantse0
- Direction
- without significant changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“without significant changes in the content of most elements in plants, including grain”
e1“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacteria increased aboveground nickel uptake and phytoextraction.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- bacteriae0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens 20Pseudomonas fluorescense2symbiont
- Outcome
- uptake of nickel from soil by the aboveground organs of plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of bacteria increased uptake of nickel from soil by the aboveground organs of plants, thereby enhancing phytoextraction”
e1“spring wheat”
e2“Pseudomonas fluorescens 20, P. fluorescens 21, and P. putida 23 bacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacteria increased exchangeable and specifically bound nickel fractions early in the season.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- bacteriae0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens 20Pseudomonas fluorescense2symbiont
- Outcome
- content of nickel in soil, mainly in the exchangeable and specifically bound fractionse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of bacteria increased the content of nickel in soil, mainly in the exchangeable and specifically bound fractions”
e1“spring wheat”
e2“Pseudomonas fluorescens 20, P. fluorescens 21, and P. putida 23 bacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacteria increased nickel in organic matter and ferruginous mineral fractions to a lesser extent.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- bacteriae1
- Outcome
- fractions associated with organic matter and ferruginous mineralse0
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to a lesser extent, in fractions associated with organic matter and ferruginous minerals”
e1“application of bacteria increased the content of nickel in soil”
e2“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacteria decreased nickel in the residual soil fraction.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- bacteriae1
- Outcome
- content of the metal in the residual fractione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the content of the metal in the residual fraction”
e1“application of bacteria increased the content of nickel in soil”
e2“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At maturity, soil nickel fractions showed no significant changes.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- full maturitye0
- Outcome
- fractional composition of Ni in soile0
- Direction
- no significant changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At full maturity of plants, no significant changes were found in the fractional composition of Ni in soil”
e1“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend bacterial application for remediation strategies.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- Application of bacteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of bacteria can be recommended in the development of strategies for remediation of nickel-contaminated soils”
e1“spring wheat”
The same questions in other papers
Pseudomonas fluorescens · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Pseudomonas putida · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · Pseudomonas fluorescens · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →inoculation · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
103 papers in the same direction as this paper · 59 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
160 papers more in this group
See all 164 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.