Abstract
Occurrence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) canola volunteers in GR sugar beet is a management concern for growers in the Northern Great Plains. Field experiments were conducted at the Southern Agricultural Research Center near Huntley, MT, in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate effective herbicide programs to control volunteer GR canola in GR sugar beet. Single POST application of triflusulfuron methyl alone at the two-leaf stage of sugar beet was more effective at 35 compared with 17.5 g ai ha −1 . However, rate differences were not evident when triflusulfuron methyl was applied as a sequential POST (two-leaf followed by [fb] six-leaf stage of sugar beet) program (17.5 fb 17.5 or 35 fb 35 g ha −1 ). Volunteer GR canola plants in the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments produced little biomass (11 to 15% of nontreated plots) but a significant amount of seeds (160 to 661 seeds m −2 ). Ethofumesate (4,200 g ai ha −1 ) PRE followed by sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl (17.5 or 35 g ha −1 ) provided effective control (94 to 98% at 30 d after treatment [DAT]), biomass reduction (97%), and seed prevention of volunteer GR canola. There was no additional advantage of adding either desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate premix (44.7 g ha −1 ) or ethofumesate (140 g ha −1 ) to the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–only treatments. The sequential POST ethofumesate-only (140 fb 140 g ha −1 ) treatment provided poor volunteer GR canola control at 30 DAT, and the noncontrolled plants produced 6,361 seeds m −2 , which was comparable to the nontreated control (7,593 seeds m −2 ). Sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments reduced GR sugar beet root and sucrose yields to 18 and 20%, respectively. Consistent with GR canola control, sugar beet root and sucrose yields were highest (95 and 91% of hand-weeded plots, respectively) when the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments were preceded by ethofumesate (4,200 g ha −1 ) PRE. Growers should utilize these effective herbicide programs to control volunteer GR canola in GR sugar beet. Because of high canola seed production potential, as evident from this research, control efforts should be aimed at preventing seed bank replenishment of the GR canola volunteers.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Single triflusulfuron methyl at 35 g ai ha −1 controlled volunteers more effectively than 17.5 g ai ha −1.
- Taxon
- Sugar Beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- triflusulfuron methyl alone at the two-leaf stage of sugar beete0
- Interactor
- Canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napust0weed - Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- 17.5 g ai ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Single POST application of triflusulfuron methyl alone at the two-leaf stage of sugar beet was more effective at 35 compared with 17.5 g ai ha −1 .”
t0“Glyphosate-Resistant Canola in Glyphosate-Resistant Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential triflusulfuron methyl showed no evident rate difference.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- triflusulfuron methyle0
- Interactor
- CanolaBrassica napus var. napust0weed
- Outcome
- rate differencese0
- Direction
- not evidente0
- Comparator
- 17.5 fb 17.5 or 35 fb 35 g ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rate differences were not evident when triflusulfuron methyl was applied as a sequential POST (two-leaf followed by [fb] six-leaf stage of sugar beet) program (17.5 fb 17.5 or 35 fb 35 g ha −1 ).”
t0“Glyphosate-Resistant Canola in Glyphosate-Resistant Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Volunteer canola biomass under sequential triflusulfuron methyl was 11 to 15% of untreated plots.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatmentse0
- Interactor
- GR canolae0weed
- Outcome
- Volunteer GR canola plantse0
- Direction
- little biomasse0
- Value
- 11 to 15%e0
- Comparator
- nontreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Volunteer GR canola plants in the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments produced little biomass (11 to 15% of nontreated plots)”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Volunteer canola still produced 160 to 661 seeds m −2 under sequential triflusulfuron methyl.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatmentse0
- Interactor
- GR canolae0weed
- Outcome
- Volunteer GR canola plantse0
- Value
- 160 to 661 seeds m −2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Volunteer GR canola plants in the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments produced little biomass (11 to 15% of nontreated plots) but a significant amount of seeds (160 to 661 seeds m −2 ).”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
PRE ethofumesate followed by sequential triflusulfuron methyl provided 94 to 98% volunteer canola control at 30 DAT.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Ethofumesate (4,200 g ai ha −1 ) PRE followed by sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl (17.5 or 35 g ha −1 )e0
- Interactor
- GR canolae1weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- effectivee0
- Value
- 94 to 98%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethofumesate (4,200 g ai ha −1 ) PRE followed by sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl (17.5 or 35 g ha −1 ) provided effective control (94 to 98% at 30 d after treatment [DAT])”
e1“to evaluate effective herbicide programs to control volunteer GR canola in GR sugar beet”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
That program reduced volunteer canola biomass by 97%.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Ethofumesate (4,200 g ai ha −1 ) PRE followed by sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl (17.5 or 35 g ha −1 )e0
- Interactor
- GR canolae1weed
- Outcome
- biomass reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 97%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethofumesate (4,200 g ai ha −1 ) PRE followed by sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl (17.5 or 35 g ha −1 ) provided effective control (94 to 98% at 30 d after treatment [DAT]), biomass reduction (97%)”
t0“Sugar Beet”
e1“to evaluate effective herbicide programs to control volunteer GR canola in GR sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
That program prevented volunteer canola seed production.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Ethofumesate (4,200 g ai ha −1 ) PRE followed by sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl (17.5 or 35 g ha −1 )e0
- Interactor
- GR canolae0weed
- Outcome
- seed prevention of volunteer GR canolae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethofumesate (4,200 g ai ha −1 ) PRE followed by sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl (17.5 or 35 g ha −1 ) provided effective control (94 to 98% at 30 d after treatment [DAT]), biomass reduction (97%), and seed prevention of volunteer GR canola.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding the premix or ethofumesate gave no further benefit over sequential triflusulfuron methyl alone.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate premix (44.7 g ha −1 ) or ethofumesate (140 g ha −1 )e0
- Interactor
- GR canolae1weed
- Outcome
- additional advantagee0
- Direction
- no additional advantagee0
- Comparator
- sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–only treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no additional advantage of adding either desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate premix (44.7 g ha −1 ) or ethofumesate (140 g ha −1 ) to the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–only treatments.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
e1“to evaluate effective herbicide programs to control volunteer GR canola in GR sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential ethofumesate alone provided poor volunteer canola control at 30 DAT.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- sequential POST ethofumesate-only (140 fb 140 g ha −1 )e0
- Interactor
- GR canolae0weed
- Outcome
- volunteer GR canola controle0
- Direction
- poore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sequential POST ethofumesate-only (140 fb 140 g ha −1 ) treatment provided poor volunteer GR canola control at 30 DAT”
t0“Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Uncontrolled canola under ethofumesate produced 6,361 seeds m −2, comparable to 7,593 in untreated plots.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- sequential POST ethofumesate-only (140 fb 140 g ha −1 )e1
- Interactor
- CanolaBrassica napus var. napust0weed
- Outcome
- noncontrolled plants producede0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Value
- 6,361 seeds m −2e0
- Qualifier
- 7,593 seeds m −2e0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the noncontrolled plants produced 6,361 seeds m −2 , which was comparable to the nontreated control (7,593 seeds m −2 ).”
e1“The sequential POST ethofumesate-only (140 fb 140 g ha −1 ) treatment”
t0“Glyphosate-Resistant Canola in Glyphosate-Resistant Sugar Beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential triflusulfuron treatments reduced sugar beet root yield to 18% of hand-weeded plots.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatmentse0
- Outcome
- roote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 18e0
- Comparator
- hand-weeded plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments reduced GR sugar beet root and sucrose yields to 18 and 20%, respectively.”
e1“hand-weeded plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential triflusulfuron treatments reduced sucrose yield to 20% of hand-weeded plots.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatmentse0
- Outcome
- sucrose yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- hand-weeded plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments reduced GR sugar beet root and sucrose yields to 18 and 20%, respectively.”
e1“hand-weeded plots”
Claim · model-written summary
With PRE ethofumesate before sequential triflusulfuron, beet root yield reached 95% of hand-weeded plots.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments were preceded by ethofumesate (4,200 g ha −1 ) PREe0
- Outcome
- roote0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 95e0
- Comparator
- hand-weeded plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sugar beet root and sucrose yields were highest (95 and 91% of hand-weeded plots, respectively) when the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments were preceded by ethofumesate (4,200 g ha −1 ) PRE.”
Claim · model-written summary
With PRE ethofumesate before sequential triflusulfuron, beet sucrose yield reached 91% of hand-weeded plots.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments were preceded by ethofumesate (4,200 g ha −1 ) PREe0
- Outcome
- sucrose yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 91%e0
- Comparator
- hand-weeded plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sugar beet root and sucrose yields were highest (95 and 91% of hand-weeded plots, respectively) when the sequential POST triflusulfuron methyl–containing treatments were preceded by ethofumesate (4,200 g ha −1 ) PRE.”
Claim · model-written summary
Growers should use effective herbicide programs against volunteer GR canola in sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Interactor
- GR canolae0weed
- Outcome
- utilize these effective herbicide programs to control volunteer GR canolae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growers should utilize these effective herbicide programs to control volunteer GR canola in GR sugar beet.”
Claim · model-written summary
Control should prevent replenishment of the volunteer canola seed bank.
- Taxon
- Sugar BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Interactor
- GR canolae0weed
- Outcome
- preventing seed bank replenishment of the GR canola volunteerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control efforts should be aimed at preventing seed bank replenishment of the GR canola volunteers.”
t0“Sugar Beet”
The same questions in other papers
ethofumesate · yield · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →triflusulfuron · organism · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
ethofumesate · organism · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
ethofumesate · control · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
triflusulfuron · growth · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
ethofumesate · growth · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
triflusulfuron · yield · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →triflusulfuron-methyl · growth · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.