Abstract
The effects were studied of various carbohydrates and osmotic stress, created by high agarose or carbohydrate concentrations, on the regeneration of fertile plants from protoplast-denved colonies of several indica (IR43, Jaya, Pusa Basmati 1) and japonica (Taipei 309) rice varieties. Observations of the cultures developed on media containing one of these carbohydrates (cellobiose, fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, mannitol, sorbitol or sucrose), each at 88 mM, indicated that maltose was the preferential carbon source for the proliferation of embryogenic callus and shoot regeneration. Maltose-containing medium induced shoot formation in 24–66% of the protoplast-derived tissues, depending upon the rice variety, compared to shoot regeneration from 4–32% of the tissues in sucrose-supplemented medium. Media containing 288 mM maltose or an equimolar combination of 88 mM maltose and 200 mM mannitol, caused water loss from calli and promoted the growth of embryogenic calli. These calli formed shoots with greater frequencies when subsequently transferred to shoot regeneration medium with 88 mM maltose. A medium containing 88 mM maltose and semi-solidified with 1.0% (w/v) instead of 0.5% (w/v) agarose had a similar beneficial effect on the growth of embryogenic calli and simultaneously supported high-frequency (48–55%) shoot formation. The optimum shoot regeneration frequencies (60–78%) were obtained when protoplast-derived colonies were serially cultured on to shoot regeneration medium containing 1.0% (w/v) agarose for 4 weeks, followed by a 2-week culture period on the same medium with 0.5% (w/v) agarose. Plants regenerated on medium containing maltose and/or 1.0% (w/v) agarose were phenotypically normal and fertile.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Maltose was the preferred carbon source for embryogenic callus proliferation.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- maltosee0
- Outcome
- proliferation of embryogenic calluse0
- Direction
- preferentiale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maltose was the preferential carbon source for the proliferation of embryogenic callus”
e1“indica and japonica rice varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Maltose was the preferred carbon source for shoot regeneration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- maltosee0
- Outcome
- shoot regeneratione0
- Direction
- preferentiale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maltose was the preferential carbon source for the proliferation of embryogenic callus and shoot regeneration”
t0“indica and japonica rice varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Maltose medium induced shoots in 24–66% of tissues versus 4–32% with sucrose.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Maltose-containing mediume0
- Outcome
- shoot formatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Value
- 24–66%e0
- Qualifier
- 4–32%e0
- Comparator
- sucrose-supplemented mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maltose-containing medium induced shoot formation in 24–66% of the protoplast-derived tissues, depending upon the rice variety, compared to shoot regeneration from 4–32% of the tissues in sucrose-supplemented medium”
t0“rice varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
High maltose concentration caused callus water loss and promoted embryogenic callus growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 288 mM maltosee0
- Outcome
- water loss from calli and promoted the growth of embryogenic callie0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Media containing 288 mM maltose or an equimolar combination of 88 mM maltose and 200 mM mannitol, caused water loss from calli and promoted the growth of embryogenic calli”
t0“rice varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Maltose plus mannitol caused callus water loss and promoted embryogenic callus growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 88 mM maltose and 200 mM mannitole0
- Outcome
- water loss from calli and promoted the growth of embryogenic callie0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Media containing 288 mM maltose or an equimolar combination of 88 mM maltose and 200 mM mannitol, caused water loss from calli and promoted the growth of embryogenic calli”
t0“rice varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Those calli formed shoots more frequently after transfer to 88 mM maltose regeneration medium.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- shoot regeneration medium with 88 mM maltosee0
- Outcome
- formed shootse0
- Direction
- greater frequenciese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These calli formed shoots with greater frequencies when subsequently transferred to shoot regeneration medium with 88 mM maltose”
t0“rice varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium with 88 mM maltose and 1.0% agarose benefited callus growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 88 mM maltose and semi-solidified with 1.0% (w/v)e0
- Outcome
- growth of embryogenic callie0
- Direction
- beneficiale0
- Comparator
- 0.5% (w/v) agarosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A medium containing 88 mM maltose and semi-solidified with 1.0% (w/v) instead of 0.5% (w/v) agarose had a similar beneficial effect on the growth of embryogenic calli”
t0“rice varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
The same 1.0% agarose medium supported 48–55% shoot formation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 1.0% (w/v)e1
- Outcome
- shoot formatione0
- Direction
- high-frequencye0
- Value
- 48–55%e0
- Comparator
- 0.5% (w/v) agarosee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“simultaneously supported high-frequency (48–55%) shoot formation”
e1“1.0% (w/v) instead of 0.5% (w/v) agarose”
t0“rice varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Serial culture on 1.0% then 0.5% agarose gave optimal 60–78% shoot regeneration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 1.0% (w/v) agarose for 4 weeks, followed by a 2-week culture period on the same medium with 0.5% (w/v) agarosee0
- Outcome
- shoot regeneration frequenciese0
- Direction
- optimume0
- Value
- 60–78%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimum shoot regeneration frequencies (60–78%) were obtained when protoplast-derived colonies were serially cultured on to shoot regeneration medium containing 1.0% (w/v) agarose for 4 weeks, followed by a 2-week culture period on the same medium with 0.5% (w/v) agarose”
t0“rice varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants regenerated on maltose medium were phenotypically normal and fertile.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- maltosee0
- Outcome
- phenotypically normal and fertilee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants regenerated on medium containing maltose and/or 1.0% (w/v) agarose were phenotypically normal and fertile”
t0“rice varieties”
The same questions in other papers
mannitol · physiology: water · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
agarose · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
maltose · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →in vitro · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
139 papers in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
161 papers more in this group
See all 165 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.