Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is pivotal to the lives of a large number of people around the world. Nowadays, anther culture is widely used in rice improvement as it can increase the selection efficiency. By optimizing the induction media and preservation time for cold pre-treatment, a significant improvement of embryogenic potential of the callus has been obtained in 3 different crosses of indica and japonica rice cultivars. It was observed that medium 2A was the best among the others as it was capable to induce a great number of calli while the addition of silver nitrate to the N6 medium doubled up the production of embryogenic calli. Analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant interaction between medium and cold pre-treatment. Seven days of preservation time showed much better callus production in N6 medium compared to MS medium. Significant differences of the callus induction were observed among indica cultivars. Therefore, seven days cold pre-treatment in the combination of silver nitrate in N6 medium can be used in practicing anther culture technique in indica rice. Anther culture technique was also used in twelve rice genotypes that consisted of three different rice crosses namely indica aromatic × japonica aromatic, indica aromatic × indica aromatic, and indica non-aromatic × indica aromatic to produce and comparisons of callus induction. It was found that MRQ50×Rambir Basmati genotype grew faster than other genotypes. Meanwhile, MR219×Rato Basmati took longest time to grow up and MR219×Sadri produced more callus than other genotypes. In addition, the indica non-aromatic×indica aromatic cross had the highest frequency in callus formation. Finally, the genotypes that produced more callus could be used as potential breeding material. Keywords: Media Optimization, Cold Pretreatment, Anther Culture, Callus Induction, Rice Crosses
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Adding silver nitrate to N6 medium doubled the production of embryogenic calli in rice anther culture.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- addition of silver nitrate to the N6 mediume1
- Outcome
- production of embryogenic callie1
- Direction
- doubled upe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa)”
e1“the addition of silver nitrate to the N6 medium doubled up the production of embryogenic calli”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium 2A was the best of the media tested for inducing a large number of calli in rice anther culture.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- medium 2Ae2
- Outcome
- number of callie2
- Direction
- the beste2
- Comparator
- among the otherse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa)”
e2“medium 2A was the best among the others as it was capable to induce a great number of calli”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven days of cold pre-treatment gave much better callus production on N6 medium than on MS medium.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Seven days of preservation timee3
- Outcome
- callus production in N6 mediume3
- Direction
- much bettere3
- Comparator
- MS mediume3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa)”
e3“Seven days of preservation time showed much better callus production in N6 medium compared to MS medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Analysis of variance indicated a significant interaction between medium and cold pre-treatment in rice anther culture.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- cold pre-treatmente4
- Outcome
- interaction between medium and cold pre-treatmente4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa)”
e4“Analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant interaction between medium and cold pre-treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven days of cold pre-treatment with silver nitrate in N6 medium can be used to practise anther culture in indica rice.
- Taxon
- indica rice
Oryza sativa Indica Groupe5 - Outcome
- practicing anther culture techniquee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“seven days cold pre-treatment in the combination of silver nitrate in N6 medium can be used in practicing anther culture technique in indica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Callus induction differed significantly among indica rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Material
- indica cultivarse6
- Outcome
- callus inductione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa)”
e6“Significant differences of the callus induction were observed among indica cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice genotype MRQ50×Rambir Basmati grew faster than the other genotypes in anther culture.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Material
- MRQ50×Rambir Basmatie7
- Outcome
- grewe7
- Direction
- fastere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa)”
e7“It was found that MRQ50×Rambir Basmati genotype grew faster than other genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice genotype MR219×Rato Basmati took the longest time to grow up in anther culture.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Material
- MR219×Rato Basmatie1
- Outcome
- time to grow upe1
- Direction
- longeste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa)”
e1“MR219×Rato Basmati took longest time to grow up”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice genotype MR219×Sadri produced more callus than the other genotypes.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Material
- MR219×Sadrie1
- Outcome
- calluse1
- Direction
- moree1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa)”
e1“MR219×Sadri produced more callus than other genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The indica non-aromatic×indica aromatic cross had the highest frequency of callus formation among the crosses.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Material
- indica non-aromatic×indica aromatic crosse1
- Outcome
- frequency in callus formatione1
- Direction
- higheste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa)”
e1“the indica non-aromatic×indica aromatic cross had the highest frequency in callus formation”
Claim · model-written summary
The rice genotypes that produced more callus could be used as potential breeding material.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- potential breeding materiale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa)”
e1“the genotypes that produced more callus could be used as potential breeding material”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimising the induction media and cold pre-treatment time significantly improved the embryogenic potential of rice callus in three crosses.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- optimizing the induction media and preservation time for cold pre-treatmente1
- Outcome
- embryogenic potential of the calluse1
- Direction
- significant improvemente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice (Oryza sativa)”
e1“By optimizing the induction media and preservation time for cold pre-treatment, a significant improvement of embryogenic potential of the callus has been obtained”
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