Abstract
The plant G-protein network, comprising Gα, Gβ, and Gγ core subunits, regulates development, senses sugar, and mediates biotic and abiotic stress responses. Here, we report G-protein signalling in the salt stress response using two crop models, rice and maize. Loss-of-function mutations in the corresponding genes encoding the Gα subunit attenuate growth inhibition and cellular senescence caused by sodium chloride (NaCl). Gα null mutations conferred reduced leaf senescence, chlorophyll degradation, and cytoplasm electrolyte leakage under NaCl stress. Sodium accumulated in both wild-type and Gα-mutant shoots to the same levels, suggesting that Gα signalling controls cell death in leaves rather than sodium exclusion in roots. Growth inhibition is probably initiated by osmotic change around root cells, because KCl and MgSO4 also suppressed seedling growth equally as well as NaCl. NaCl lowered rates of cell division and elongation in the wild-type leaf sheath to the level of the Gα-null mutants; however there was no NaCl-induced decrease in cell division in the Gα mutant, implying that the osmotic phase of salt stress suppresses cell proliferation through the inhibition of Gα-coupled signalling. These results reveal two distinct functions of Gα in NaCl stress in these grasses: attenuation of leaf senescence caused by sodium toxicity in leaves, and cell cycle regulation by osmotic/ionic stress.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Gα loss-of-function attenuated NaCl-induced growth inhibition and senescence.
- Taxon
- rice and maize
Oryza sativa
Zea mayse1 - Treatment
- Loss-of-function mutationse0
- Gene
- Gαe0
- Outcome
- growth inhibition and cellular senescencee0
- Direction
- attenuatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Loss-of-function mutations in the corresponding genes encoding the Gα subunit attenuate growth inhibition and cellular senescence caused by sodium chloride (NaCl).”
e1“rice and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Gα null mutations reduced leaf senescence, chlorophyll degradation and electrolyte leakage under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- rice and maizeOryza sativaZea mayse1
- Treatment
- Gα null mutationse0
- Gene
- Gαe0
- Outcome
- leaf senescence, chlorophyll degradation, and cytoplasm electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gα null mutations conferred reduced leaf senescence, chlorophyll degradation, and cytoplasm electrolyte leakage under NaCl stress.”
e1“rice and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot sodium accumulation was the same in wild type and Gα mutants.
- Taxon
- rice and maizeOryza sativaZea mayse1
- Treatment
- Gα-mutante0
- Gene
- Gαe0
- Outcome
- Sodium accumulatede0
- Direction
- same levelse0
- Comparator
- wild-typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium accumulated in both wild-type and Gα-mutant shoots to the same levels”
e1“rice and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
KCl and MgSO4 suppressed seedling growth as effectively as NaCl.
- Taxon
- rice and maizeOryza sativaZea mayse1
- Treatment
- KCl and MgSO4e0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Comparator
- NaCle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“KCl and MgSO4 also suppressed seedling growth equally as well as NaCl.”
e1“rice and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl lowered wild-type leaf-sheath cell division and elongation to Gα-null levels.
- Taxon
- rice and maizeOryza sativaZea mayse1
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- rates of cell division and elongatione0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Comparator
- Gα-null mutantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl lowered rates of cell division and elongation in the wild-type leaf sheath to the level of the Gα-null mutants”
e1“rice and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl did not decrease cell division in Gα mutants.
- Taxon
- rice and maizeOryza sativaZea mayse1
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Gene
- Gαe0
- Outcome
- cell divisione0
- Direction
- no NaCl-induced decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no NaCl-induced decrease in cell division in the Gα mutant”
e1“rice and maize”
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