Abstract
Ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) act synergistically or antagonistically to regulate plant growth and development. ABA is derived from the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Here, we analyzed the interplay among ethylene, carotenoid biogenesis, and ABA in rice (Oryza sativa) using the rice ethylene response mutant mhz5, which displays a reduced ethylene response in roots but an enhanced ethylene response in coleoptiles. We found that MHZ5 encodes a carotenoid isomerase and that the mutation in mhz5 blocks carotenoid biosynthesis, reduces ABA accumulation, and promotes ethylene production in etiolated seedlings. ABA can largely rescue the ethylene response of the mhz5 mutant. Ethylene induces MHZ5 expression, the production of neoxanthin, an ABA biosynthesis precursor, and ABA accumulation in roots. MHZ5 overexpression results in enhanced ethylene sensitivity in roots and reduced ethylene sensitivity in coleoptiles. Mutation or overexpression of MHZ5 also alters the expression of ethylene-responsive genes. Genetic studies revealed that the MHZ5-mediated ABA pathway acts downstream of ethylene signaling to inhibit root growth. The MHZ5-mediated ABA pathway likely acts upstream but negatively regulates ethylene signaling to control coleoptile growth. Our study reveals novel interactions among ethylene, carotenogenesis, and ABA and provides insight into improvements in agronomic traits and adaptive growth through the manipulation of these pathways in rice.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
mhz5 has reduced ethylene response in roots.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- mhz5e0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- ethylene response in rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice ethylene response mutant mhz5, which displays a reduced ethylene response in roots but an enhanced ethylene response in coleoptiles”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
mhz5 has enhanced ethylene response in coleoptiles.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- mhz5e0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilese0
- Outcome
- ethylene response in coleoptilese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice ethylene response mutant mhz5, which displays a reduced ethylene response in roots but an enhanced ethylene response in coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
MHZ5 encodes a carotenoid isomerase.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- MHZ5e0
- Outcome
- encodes a carotenoid isomerasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MHZ5 encodes a carotenoid isomerase”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
mhz5 mutation blocks carotenoid biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- mutation in mhz5e0
- Gene
- mhz5e0
- Outcome
- carotenoid biosynthesise0
- Direction
- blockse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mutation in mhz5 blocks carotenoid biosynthesis, reduces ABA accumulation, and promotes ethylene production in etiolated seedlings.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
mhz5 mutation reduces ABA accumulation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- mutation in mhz5e0
- Gene
- mhz5e0
- Outcome
- ABA accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mutation in mhz5 blocks carotenoid biosynthesis, reduces ABA accumulation, and promotes ethylene production in etiolated seedlings.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
mhz5 mutation promotes ethylene production in etiolated seedlings.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- etiolated seedlingse0
- Treatment
- mutation in mhz5e0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- promotese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mutation in mhz5 blocks carotenoid biosynthesis, reduces ABA accumulation, and promotes ethylene production in etiolated seedlings.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA largely rescues the mhz5 ethylene response.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- mhz5 mutante0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- ethylene response of the mhz5 mutante0
- Direction
- rescuee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA can largely rescue the ethylene response of the mhz5 mutant.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene induces MHZ5 expression.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene induces MHZ5 expression, the production of neoxanthin, an ABA biosynthesis precursor, and ABA accumulation in roots.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene induces neoxanthin production.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Ethylenee0
- Outcome
- production of neoxanthine0
- Direction
- inducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene induces MHZ5 expression, the production of neoxanthin, an ABA biosynthesis precursor, and ABA accumulation in roots.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene induces ABA accumulation in roots.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Ethylenee0
- Outcome
- ABA accumulation in rootse0
- Direction
- inducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene induces MHZ5 expression, the production of neoxanthin, an ABA biosynthesis precursor, and ABA accumulation in roots.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MHZ5 overexpression enhances root ethylene sensitivity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MHZ5 overexpressione0
- Gene
- MHZ5e0
- Outcome
- ethylene sensitivity in rootse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MHZ5 overexpression results in enhanced ethylene sensitivity in roots and reduced ethylene sensitivity in coleoptiles.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MHZ5 overexpression reduces coleoptile ethylene sensitivity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MHZ5 overexpressione0
- Gene
- MHZ5e0
- Outcome
- ethylene sensitivity in coleoptilese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MHZ5 overexpression results in enhanced ethylene sensitivity in roots and reduced ethylene sensitivity in coleoptiles.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
MHZ5 mutation or overexpression alters ethylene-responsive gene expression.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Mutation or overexpression of MHZ5e0
- Gene
- MHZ5e0
- Outcome
- expression of ethylene-responsive genese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutation or overexpression of MHZ5 also alters the expression of ethylene-responsive genes.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The MHZ5-mediated ABA pathway acts downstream of ethylene signaling to inhibit root growth.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- MHZ5e0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Qualifier
- acts downstream of ethylene signaling to inhibite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the MHZ5-mediated ABA pathway acts downstream of ethylene signaling to inhibit root growth.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The MHZ5-mediated ABA pathway likely acts upstream of and negatively regulates ethylene signaling in coleoptile growth.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- MHZ5e0
- Outcome
- coleoptile growthe0
- Qualifier
- acts upstream but negatively regulates ethylene signalinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The MHZ5-mediated ABA pathway likely acts upstream but negatively regulates ethylene signaling to control coleoptile growth.”
t0“Rice”
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.