Abstract
【Objective】 The objective of this experiment is to reveal the effect mechanism of elevated carbon dioxide(CO2) and ozone(O3) concentration singly or in combination on plants reactive oxygen species(ROS) metabolism and anti-oxidative enzymes activities.【Method】 Open-top chambers(OTCs) were utilized to investigate the change of lipid peroxidation extent,ROS production rate,content and anti-oxidative enzymes activities in spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) leaves under elevated CO2 and O3 concentration singly or in combination treatments.【Result】 The results indicated that the elevated CO2 concentration at(550±20) μmol.mol-1 induced a decrease on relative electrical conductivity,content of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide anion() production rate,hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) content and a increase on the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX) in spring wheat leaves during the whole growth stage.While the elevated O3 concentration at(80±10) nmol.mol-1 showed the opposite effects,which resulted in higher relative electrical conductivity,MDA content,production rate,H2O2 content and lower activities of SOD,CAT,POD,APX in spring wheat leaves compared with the control.But under the combined treatment of CO2 and O3 at concentration of(550±20) μmol.mol-1+(80±10) nmol.mol-1,MDA content,production rate,SOD activity were higher in general compared with the control.While relative electrical conductivity,H2O2 content and the activities of CAT,POD,APX increased in the leaves of spring wheat.【Conclusion】ROS metabolism rates are restrained and anti-oxidative enzymes are enhanced by elevated CO2 concentration,which presents protective efficacy on springwheat.While elevated O3 concentration accelerates ROS metabolism rates and reduces anti-oxidative enzymes activities,which represents injured effects on spring wheat.In combination of elevated CO2 and O3 concentration,the beneficial effects of CO2 on spring wheat are more than compensating the negative effects imposed by O3 and the latter in its turn partly counteracted the positive effects on spring wheat of the former.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased relative electrical conductivity in spring wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2 concentration at(550±20) μmol.mol-1e0
- Outcome
- relative electrical conductivitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- during the whole growth stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that the elevated CO2 concentration at(550±20) μmol.mol-1 induced a decrease on relative electrical conductivity,content of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide anion() production rate,hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) content and a increase on the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX) in spring wheat leaves during the whole growth stage.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in spring wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2 concentration at(550±20) μmol.mol-1e0
- Outcome
- content of malondialdehyde(MDA)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- during the whole growth stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that the elevated CO2 concentration at(550±20) μmol.mol-1 induced a decrease on relative electrical conductivity,content of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide anion() production rate,hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) content and a increase on the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX) in spring wheat leaves during the whole growth stage.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased superoxide anion() production rate in spring wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2 concentration at(550±20) μmol.mol-1e0
- Outcome
- superoxide anion() production ratee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- during the whole growth stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that the elevated CO2 concentration at(550±20) μmol.mol-1 induced a decrease on relative electrical conductivity,content of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide anion() production rate,hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) content and a increase on the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX) in spring wheat leaves during the whole growth stage.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) content in spring wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2 concentration at(550±20) μmol.mol-1e0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- during the whole growth stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that the elevated CO2 concentration at(550±20) μmol.mol-1 induced a decrease on relative electrical conductivity,content of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide anion() production rate,hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) content and a increase on the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX) in spring wheat leaves during the whole growth stage.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX) in spring wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2 concentration at(550±20) μmol.mol-1e0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- during the whole growth stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that the elevated CO2 concentration at(550±20) μmol.mol-1 induced a decrease on relative electrical conductivity,content of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide anion() production rate,hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) content and a increase on the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX) in spring wheat leaves during the whole growth stage.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 produced higher relative electrical conductivity than control in spring wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- elevated O3 concentration at(80±10) nmol.mol-1e0
- Outcome
- relative electrical conductivitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While the elevated O3 concentration at(80±10) nmol.mol-1 showed the opposite effects,which resulted in higher relative electrical conductivity,MDA content,production rate,H2O2 content and lower activities of SOD,CAT,POD,APX in spring wheat leaves compared with the control.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 produced higher MDA content than control in spring wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- elevated O3 concentration at(80±10) nmol.mol-1e0
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While the elevated O3 concentration at(80±10) nmol.mol-1 showed the opposite effects,which resulted in higher relative electrical conductivity,MDA content,production rate,H2O2 content and lower activities of SOD,CAT,POD,APX in spring wheat leaves compared with the control.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 produced higher production rate than control in spring wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- elevated O3 concentration at(80±10) nmol.mol-1e0
- Outcome
- production ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While the elevated O3 concentration at(80±10) nmol.mol-1 showed the opposite effects,which resulted in higher relative electrical conductivity,MDA content,production rate,H2O2 content and lower activities of SOD,CAT,POD,APX in spring wheat leaves compared with the control.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 produced higher H2O2 content than control in spring wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- elevated O3 concentration at(80±10) nmol.mol-1e0
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While the elevated O3 concentration at(80±10) nmol.mol-1 showed the opposite effects,which resulted in higher relative electrical conductivity,MDA content,production rate,H2O2 content and lower activities of SOD,CAT,POD,APX in spring wheat leaves compared with the control.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 produced lower activities of SOD,CAT,POD,APX than control in spring wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- elevated O3 concentration at(80±10) nmol.mol-1e0
- Outcome
- activities of SOD,CAT,POD,APXe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While the elevated O3 concentration at(80±10) nmol.mol-1 showed the opposite effects,which resulted in higher relative electrical conductivity,MDA content,production rate,H2O2 content and lower activities of SOD,CAT,POD,APX in spring wheat leaves compared with the control.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and O3 yielded generally higher MDA content than control.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined treatment of CO2 and O3 at concentration of(550±20) μmol.mol-1+(80±10) nmol.mol-1e0
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“But under the combined treatment of CO2 and O3 at concentration of(550±20) μmol.mol-1+(80±10) nmol.mol-1,MDA content,production rate,SOD activity were higher in general compared with the control.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and O3 yielded generally higher production rate than control.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined treatment of CO2 and O3 at concentration of(550±20) μmol.mol-1+(80±10) nmol.mol-1e0
- Outcome
- production ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“But under the combined treatment of CO2 and O3 at concentration of(550±20) μmol.mol-1+(80±10) nmol.mol-1,MDA content,production rate,SOD activity were higher in general compared with the control.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and O3 yielded generally higher SOD activity than control.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined treatment of CO2 and O3 at concentration of(550±20) μmol.mol-1+(80±10) nmol.mol-1e0
- Outcome
- SOD activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“But under the combined treatment of CO2 and O3 at concentration of(550±20) μmol.mol-1+(80±10) nmol.mol-1,MDA content,production rate,SOD activity were higher in general compared with the control.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased relative electrical conductivity in spring wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- relative electrical conductivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While relative electrical conductivity,H2O2 content and the activities of CAT,POD,APX increased in the leaves of spring wheat.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased H2O2 content in spring wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While relative electrical conductivity,H2O2 content and the activities of CAT,POD,APX increased in the leaves of spring wheat.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased activities of CAT,POD,APX in spring wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- activities of CAT,POD,APXe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While relative electrical conductivity,H2O2 content and the activities of CAT,POD,APX increased in the leaves of spring wheat.”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret CO2 protection as more than compensating O3 injury under combined exposure.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- beneficial effects of CO2 on spring wheate0
- Qualifier
- more than compensating the negative effects imposed by O3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In combination of elevated CO2 and O3 concentration,the beneficial effects of CO2 on spring wheat are more than compensating the negative effects imposed by O3 and the latter in its turn partly counteracted the positive effects on spring wheat of the former.”
t0“spring wheat”
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