Abstract
Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Sorghum bicolor L. through somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos is important for the genetic manipulation and improvement of this agronomically valuable crop. In an attempt to develop a successfully reproducible in vitro regeneration protocol for a group of diverse sorghum genotypes, 10 sorghum lines including locally adapted and commercially important elite genotypes were assessed for their regeneration potential on different culture media–containing adequate growth regulators combinations. The maximum response of embryogenic callus induction was obtained from explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.5 mgL-1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.7 mgL-1 L-proline. The addition of kinetin to the MS-based culture media had a negative effect on the formation of embryogenic calli. The results reveal that embryogenic callus formation and regeneration were highly genotype dependent. The line LG3 revealed the highest mean number of embryogenic callus (47.5 ± 6.0%) across the media tested. On the other hand, SPP462 was the least responsive (13.4 ± 3.3%) to embryogenic callus induction. The regeneration percentage of the different genotypes ranged from zero to 22.1%. The lines LG3, LG4, Dorado, SPGM94021 and SPMD94001 succeeded to form shoots on the three tested regeneration media. Nevertheless, the genotypes LG8 and TX2794 produced shoots on only two out of the three media. Three lines failed to regenerate on any of the tested media. Adding 0.5 mgL-1 naphthalene acetic acid and 0.5 mgL-1 of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) did not enhance the root induction. Regenerated shoots developed into normal mature plants. Regeneration of sorghum genotypes could be improved through the use of different auxins and cytokinins in callus induction and shoot formation media. The auxin, 2,4-D was critical for the induction of embryogenic calli. However, the addition of the cytokinin (kinetin) adversely affected the formation of embryogenic callus. On the other hand, the shoot induction was more influenced by the addition of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ). Key words: Sorghum, immature embryos, callus induction, regeneration, auxin, cytokinin.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Maximal embryogenic callus induction from immature-embryo explants was obtained on MS medium with 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.7 mg/L L-proline, compared with other culture media tested.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolore0 - Organ / stage
- immature embryose0
- Treatment
- medium supplemented with 1.5 mgL-1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.7 mgL-1 L-prolinee2
- Outcome
- embryogenic callus inductione2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Comparator
- different culture mediae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Sorghum bicolor L. through somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos”
e1“assessed for their regeneration potential on different culture media”
e2“The maximum response of embryogenic callus induction was obtained from explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.5 mgL-1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.7 mgL-1 L-proline”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding kinetin to the MS-based culture media had a negative effect on embryogenic callus formation.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- addition of kinetin to the MS-based culture mediae3
- Outcome
- formation of embryogenic callie3
- Direction
- negative effecte3
- Comparator
- MS-based culture mediae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Sorghum bicolor L. through somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos”
e3“The addition of kinetin to the MS-based culture media had a negative effect on the formation of embryogenic calli”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryogenic callus formation and regeneration were highly dependent on genotype.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- genotypee4
- Outcome
- embryogenic callus formation and regeneratione4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Sorghum bicolor L. through somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos”
e4“The results reveal that embryogenic callus formation and regeneration were highly genotype dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
Line LG3 had the highest mean embryogenic callus number (47.5 ± 6.0%) across the media tested.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- LG3e5
- Outcome
- mean number of embryogenic calluse5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 47.5 ± 6.0%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Sorghum bicolor L. through somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos”
e5“The line LG3 revealed the highest mean number of embryogenic callus (47.5 ± 6.0%) across the media tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Line SPP462 was the least responsive genotype for embryogenic callus induction (13.4 ± 3.3%).
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- SPP462e6
- Outcome
- embryogenic callus inductione6
- Direction
- least responsivee6
- Value
- 13.4 ± 3.3%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Sorghum bicolor L. through somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos”
e6“On the other hand, SPP462 was the least responsive (13.4 ± 3.3%) to embryogenic callus induction”
Claim · model-written summary
Regeneration percentage of the different genotypes ranged from zero to 22.1%.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- different genotypese7
- Outcome
- regeneration percentagee7
- Value
- zero to 22.1%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Sorghum bicolor L. through somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos”
e7“The regeneration percentage of the different genotypes ranged from zero to 22.1%”
Claim · model-written summary
Line LG3 formed shoots on the three tested regeneration media.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- LG3e1
- Treatment
- three tested regeneration mediae1
- Outcome
- form shootse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Sorghum bicolor L. through somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos”
e1“The lines LG3, LG4, Dorado, SPGM94021 and SPMD94001 succeeded to form shoots on the three tested regeneration media”
Claim · model-written summary
Line LG4 formed shoots on the three tested regeneration media.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- LG4e1
- Treatment
- three tested regeneration mediae1
- Outcome
- form shootse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Sorghum bicolor L. through somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos”
e1“The lines LG3, LG4, Dorado, SPGM94021 and SPMD94001 succeeded to form shoots on the three tested regeneration media”
Claim · model-written summary
Line Dorado formed shoots on the three tested regeneration media.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- Doradoe1
- Treatment
- three tested regeneration mediae1
- Outcome
- form shootse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Sorghum bicolor L. through somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos”
e1“The lines LG3, LG4, Dorado, SPGM94021 and SPMD94001 succeeded to form shoots on the three tested regeneration media”
Claim · model-written summary
Line SPGM94021 formed shoots on the three tested regeneration media.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- SPGM94021e1
- Treatment
- three tested regeneration mediae1
- Outcome
- form shootse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Sorghum bicolor L. through somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos”
e1“The lines LG3, LG4, Dorado, SPGM94021 and SPMD94001 succeeded to form shoots on the three tested regeneration media”
Claim · model-written summary
Line SPMD94001 formed shoots on the three tested regeneration media.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- SPMD94001e1
- Treatment
- three tested regeneration mediae1
- Outcome
- form shootse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Sorghum bicolor L. through somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos”
e1“The lines LG3, LG4, Dorado, SPGM94021 and SPMD94001 succeeded to form shoots on the three tested regeneration media”
Claim · model-written summary
Line LG8 produced shoots on only two of the three media tested.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- LG8e1
- Treatment
- only two out of the three mediae1
- Outcome
- produced shootse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Sorghum bicolor L. through somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos”
e1“the genotypes LG8 and TX2794 produced shoots on only two out of the three media”
Claim · model-written summary
Line TX2794 produced shoots on only two of the three media tested.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Material
- TX2794e1
- Treatment
- only two out of the three mediae1
- Outcome
- produced shootse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Sorghum bicolor L. through somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos”
e1“the genotypes LG8 and TX2794 produced shoots on only two out of the three media”
Claim · model-written summary
Three lines failed to regenerate on any of the tested media.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- any of the tested mediae1
- Outcome
- failed to regeneratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Sorghum bicolor L. through somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos”
e1“Three lines failed to regenerate on any of the tested media”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 0.5 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid and 0.5 mg/L IBA did not enhance root induction.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- Adding 0.5 mgL-1 naphthalene acetic acid and 0.5 mgL-1 of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)e1
- Outcome
- root inductione1
- Direction
- did not enhancee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Sorghum bicolor L. through somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos”
e1“Adding 0.5 mgL-1 naphthalene acetic acid and 0.5 mgL-1 of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) did not enhance the root induction”
Claim · model-written summary
Regenerated shoots developed into normal mature plants.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Outcome
- developed into normal mature plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Sorghum bicolor L. through somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos”
e1“Regenerated shoots developed into normal mature plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot induction was more influenced by indole-3-acetic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine and thidiazuron than by other growth regulators.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- addition of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ)e1
- Outcome
- shoot inductione1
- Direction
- more influencede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Sorghum bicolor L. through somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos”
e1“the shoot induction was more influenced by the addition of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ)”
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