Abstract
ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1) and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 (PAD4) are sequence-related lipase-like proteins that function as a complex to regulate defense responses in Arabidopsis by both salicylic acid–dependent and independent pathways. Here, we describe a gain-of-function mutation in PAD4 (S135F) that enhances resistance and cell death in response to infection by the powdery mildew pathogen Golovinomyces cichoracearum. The mutant PAD4 protein accumulates to wild-type levels in Arabidopsis cells, thus these phenotypes are unlikely to be due to PAD4 over accumulation. The phenotypes are similar to loss-of-function mutations in the protein kinase EDR1 (Enhanced Disease Resistance1), and previous work has shown that loss of PAD4 or EDS1 suppresses edr1-mediated phenotypes, placing these proteins downstream of EDR1. Here, we show that EDR1 directly associates with EDS1 and PAD4 and inhibits their interaction in yeast and plant cells. We propose a model whereby EDR1 negatively regulates defense responses by interfering with the heteromeric association of EDS1 and PAD4. Our data indicate that the S135F mutation likely alters an EDS1-independent function of PAD4, potentially shedding light on a yet-unknown PAD4 signaling function.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
PAD4 S135F enhances resistance to powdery mildew infection.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Treatment
- gain-of-function mutation in PAD4 (S135F)e0
- Interactor
- Golovinomyces cichoracearum
Golovinomyces cichoracearume0pathogen - Gene
- PAD4e0
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a gain-of-function mutation in PAD4 (S135F) that enhances resistance and cell death in response to infection by the powdery mildew pathogen Golovinomyces cichoracearum”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
PAD4 S135F enhances cell death upon powdery mildew infection.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- gain-of-function mutation in PAD4 (S135F)e0
- Interactor
- Golovinomyces cichoracearumGolovinomyces cichoracearume0pathogen
- Gene
- PAD4e0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a gain-of-function mutation in PAD4 (S135F) that enhances resistance and cell death in response to infection by the powdery mildew pathogen Golovinomyces cichoracearum”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutant PAD4 protein accumulates to wild-type levels.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- PAD4e0
- Outcome
- accumulates to wild-type levelse0
- Comparator
- wild-typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mutant PAD4 protein accumulates to wild-type levels in Arabidopsis cells”
Claim · model-written summary
EDR1 directly associates with EDS1 and PAD4.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- EDR1e0
- Outcome
- directly associatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EDR1 directly associates with EDS1 and PAD4”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
EDR1 inhibits the EDS1–PAD4 interaction in yeast and plant cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- EDR1e0
- Outcome
- inhibits their interactione0
- Qualifier
- yeast and plant cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EDR1 directly associates with EDS1 and PAD4 and inhibits their interaction in yeast and plant cells.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that EDR1 negatively regulates defense by interfering with EDS1–PAD4 association.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- EDR1e0
- Outcome
- defense responsese0
- Qualifier
- interfering with the heteromeric association of EDS1 and PAD4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EDR1 negatively regulates defense responses by interfering with the heteromeric association of EDS1 and PAD4.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
PAD4 S135F likely alters an EDS1-independent PAD4 function.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- PAD4e0
- Outcome
- EDS1-independent function of PAD4e0
- Qualifier
- likelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the S135F mutation likely alters an EDS1-independent function of PAD4”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Golovinomyces cichoracearum · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.