Abstract
SUMMARY In glasshouse pot experiments, uptake of benomyl, thiophanate‐methyl and carbendazim from equivalent soil applications (in the range 0–003– 0–035 % a ‐i‐ at a rate o f 2 &4 ml/plant) gave equal levels of control of Botrytis lesions developing from inoculations of freshly exposed leaf scars on tomato stems. Spray applications of benomyl to exposed leaf scars controlled infection at concentrations down to 0025 % a.i. The effect of lower concentrations of the stem spray could be markedly enhanced either by the addition of a mineral oil (2 % Actipron) or by a prior soil application of benomyl at a low rate which on its own had little effect on lesion development. Protectant spray applications of glycophene and vinclozolin gave levels of control quite comparable to that of benomyl at equivalent concentrations. Evidence was obtained that the lesions formed at the artificially‐inoculated leaf scars at the top of the stems of young pot‐grown tomato plants were larger than those lower down. In spite of this, the level of disease control with soil applications of fungicides containing or generating carbendazim (MBC) was greater at the top than at the bottom, probably because of the normal migration of the fungicides and their accumulation at the extremities of the plant. In an observation trial in a commercial crop of tomatoes, benomyl applied either as five soil drenches at approximately monthly intervals, or as two drenches followed by five sprays at three‐weekly intervals, or as five sprays alone gave marked reductions in plant loss and number of Botrytis stem lesions in both cvs Eurocross BB and Cudlow Cross. Those stem lesions which did develop, however, were generally as large as those on untreated control plants. Five sprays of dichlofiuanid gave similar levels of disease control. All the treatments gave apparently higher yields (statistically untested) in Eurocross BB, but less consistent responses were recorded in Cudlow Cross.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Soil benomyl, thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim provided equal control of Botrytis lesions.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- benomyl, thiophanate‐methyl and carbendazime0
- Outcome
- control of Botrytis lesionse0
- Direction
- equale0
- Comparator
- equivalent soil applicationse0
BotrytisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomatoes”
e0“uptake of benomyl, thiophanate‐methyl and carbendazim from equivalent soil applications (in the range 0–003– 0–035 % a ‐i‐ at a rate o f 2 &4 ml/plant) gave equal levels of control of Botrytis lesions”
Claim · model-written summary
Benomyl spray controlled leaf scar infection down to 0025 % a.i.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaf scarse0
- Treatment
- Spray applications of benomyle0
- Outcome
- infectione0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 0025 % a.i.e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomatoes”
e0“Spray applications of benomyl to exposed leaf scars controlled infection at concentrations down to 0025 % a.i.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral oil enhanced the effect of lower-concentration stem spray.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- addition of a mineral oil (2 % Actipron)e0
- Outcome
- effect of lower concentrations of the stem spraye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomatoes”
e0“The effect of lower concentrations of the stem spray could be markedly enhanced either by the addition of a mineral oil (2 % Actipron)”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior low-rate soil benomyl enhanced the effect of lower-concentration stem spray.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- prior soil application of benomyl at a low ratee0
- Outcome
- lesion developmente0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomatoes”
e0“by a prior soil application of benomyl at a low rate which on its own had little effect on lesion development”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycophene and vinclozolin protectant sprays controlled lesions comparably to benomyl.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- glycophene and vinclozoline0
- Outcome
- levels of controle0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- benomyle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomatoes”
e0“Protectant spray applications of glycophene and vinclozolin gave levels of control quite comparable to that of benomyl at equivalent concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated leaf scars high on young tomato stems developed larger lesions than lower scars.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leaf scarse0
- Outcome
- lesionse0
- Direction
- largere0
- Comparator
- lower downe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lesions formed at the artificially‐inoculated leaf scars at the top of the stems of young pot‐grown tomato plants were larger than those lower down”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fungicide control was greater at the top than bottom of stems.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- soil applications of fungicides containing or generating carbendazim (MBC)e0
- Outcome
- level of disease controle0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- at the bottome0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomatoes”
e0“the level of disease control with soil applications of fungicides containing or generating carbendazim (MBC) was greater at the top than at the bottom”
Claim · model-written summary
Benomyl soil drenches, combined drenches and sprays, and sprays reduced plant loss and Botrytis lesions in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Eurocross BB and Cudlow Crosse0
- Treatment
- benomyl applied either as five soil drenches at approximately monthly intervals, or as two drenches followed by five sprays at three‐weekly intervals, or as five sprays alonee0
- Outcome
- plant loss and number of Botrytis stem lesionse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomatoes”
e0“benomyl applied either as five soil drenches at approximately monthly intervals, or as two drenches followed by five sprays at three‐weekly intervals, or as five sprays alone gave marked reductions in plant loss and number of Botrytis stem lesions in both cvs Eurocross BB and Cudlow Cross”
Claim · model-written summary
Lesions that developed under treatment were as large as on untreated plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- stem lesionse0
- Direction
- as largee0
- Comparator
- untreated control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomatoes”
e0“Those stem lesions which did develop, however, were generally as large as those on untreated control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Five dichlofiuanid sprays gave similar disease control.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Five sprays of dichlofiuanide0
- Outcome
- disease controle0
- Direction
- similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomatoes”
e0“Five sprays of dichlofiuanid gave similar levels of disease control”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments apparently increased yield in Eurocross BB.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Eurocross BBe0
- Treatment
- All the treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- statistically untestede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomatoes”
e0“All the treatments gave apparently higher yields (statistically untested) in Eurocross BB”
Claim · model-written summary
Cudlow Cross showed less consistent yield responses.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Cudlow Crosse0
- Outcome
- responsese0
- Direction
- less consistente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomatoes”
e0“less consistent responses were recorded in Cudlow Cross”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.