Abstract
Abstract Grey mould, caused by the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea , is one of the most devastating tomato diseases, and the control of this disease is mainly by the application of chemicals. In this study, 512 isolates of B. cinerea were collected from tomato grown in greenhouses at 10 locations in 10 cities of Hebei Province from 2011 to 2016 and tested for their sensitivities to carbendazim (Car), diethofencarb (Die), iprodione (Ipr) and pyrimethanil (Pyr). Of these tested isolates, 95.7%, 95.2%, 31.6% and 89.4% were resistant to Car, Die, Ipr and Pyr, respectively. There were nine fungicide‐resistant phenotypes in the tested isolates. Car R Pyr R Die R IPR S and Car R Pyr R Die R IPR R were the most common phenotypes, accounting for 59.6%, and 31.1% of the tested isolates, respectively. The field trials showed that the control efficacies (CE) of carbendazim + diethofencarb (WP, 25% + 25%), pyrimethanil (EC, 40%) and iprodione (WP, 50%) at the recommended doses were 22.75%–29.23%, 58.44%–64.19% and 61.02%–65.17%, respectively, significantly lower than those of boscalid (WG, 50%) and pyrisoxazole (EC, 25%). The resistance management trial conducted from 2015 to 2017 indicated that the CE of tomato grey mould in the experimental fields was higher than 90% and the sensitivity to carbendazim, diethofencarb and pyrimethanil of B. cinerea isolates from the experimental fields increased on a yearly basis. These results showed that the frequency of resistance to Car, Die, Ipr and Pyr was high, and these four fungicides could not effectively control tomato grey mould. Tomato grey mould could be controlled by using biopesticides and newly synthesized fungicides with different modes of action. Our findings would be useful in designing and implementing fungicide resistance management spray programmes for the control of tomato grey mould.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim resistance occurred in 95.7% of isolates.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“95.7%, 95.2%, 31.6% and 89.4% were resistant to Car, Die, Ipr and Pyr, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Diethofencarb resistance occurred in 95.2% of isolates.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“95.7%, 95.2%, 31.6% and 89.4% were resistant to Car, Die, Ipr and Pyr, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Iprodione resistance occurred in 31.6% of isolates.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“95.7%, 95.2%, 31.6% and 89.4% were resistant to Car, Die, Ipr and Pyr, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrimethanil resistance occurred in 89.4% of isolates.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“95.7%, 95.2%, 31.6% and 89.4% were resistant to Car, Die, Ipr and Pyr, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine fungicide resistant phenotypes were observed.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“There were nine fungicide‐resistant phenotypes in the tested isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
The Car R Pyr R Die R IPR S phenotype accounted for 59.6% of isolates.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Car R Pyr R Die R IPR S and Car R Pyr R Die R IPR R were the most common phenotypes, accounting for 59.6%, and 31.1% of the tested isolates, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The Car R Pyr R Die R IPR R phenotype accounted for 31.1% of isolates.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Car R Pyr R Die R IPR S and Car R Pyr R Die R IPR R were the most common phenotypes, accounting for 59.6%, and 31.1% of the tested isolates, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim plus diethofencarb controlled grey mould at 22.75%–29.23%.
- Treatment
- carbendazim + diethofencarb (WP, 25% + 25%)e0
- Outcome
- control efficacies (CE)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 22.75%–29.23%e0
- Comparator
- boscalid (WG, 50%) and pyrisoxazole (EC, 25%)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“control efficacies (CE) of carbendazim + diethofencarb (WP, 25% + 25%), pyrimethanil (EC, 40%) and iprodione (WP, 50%) at the recommended doses were 22.75%–29.23%, 58.44%–64.19% and 61.02%–65.17%, respectively, significantly lower than those of boscalid (WG, 50%) and pyrisoxazole (EC, 25%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrimethanil controlled grey mould at 58.44%–64.19%.
- Treatment
- pyrimethanil (EC, 40%)e0
- Outcome
- control efficacies (CE)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 58.44%–64.19%e0
- Comparator
- boscalid (WG, 50%) and pyrisoxazole (EC, 25%)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“control efficacies (CE) of carbendazim + diethofencarb (WP, 25% + 25%), pyrimethanil (EC, 40%) and iprodione (WP, 50%) at the recommended doses were 22.75%–29.23%, 58.44%–64.19% and 61.02%–65.17%, respectively, significantly lower than those of boscalid (WG, 50%) and pyrisoxazole (EC, 25%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Iprodione controlled grey mould at 61.02%–65.17%.
- Treatment
- iprodione (WP, 50%)e0
- Outcome
- control efficacies (CE)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 61.02%–65.17%e0
- Comparator
- boscalid (WG, 50%) and pyrisoxazole (EC, 25%)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“control efficacies (CE) of carbendazim + diethofencarb (WP, 25% + 25%), pyrimethanil (EC, 40%) and iprodione (WP, 50%) at the recommended doses were 22.75%–29.23%, 58.44%–64.19% and 61.02%–65.17%, respectively, significantly lower than those of boscalid (WG, 50%) and pyrisoxazole (EC, 25%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance management achieved more than 90% grey mould control.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Outcome
- CE of tomato grey moulde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Setting
- experimental fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the CE of tomato grey mould in the experimental fields was higher than 90%”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitivity to three fungicides increased yearly under resistance management.
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- sensitivity to carbendazim, diethofencarb and pyrimethanil of B. cinerea isolatese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- experimental fieldse0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sensitivity to carbendazim, diethofencarb and pyrimethanil of B. cinerea isolates from the experimental fields increased on a yearly basis”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend biopesticides and new fungicides with differing modes of action.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- controlled by using biopesticides and newly synthesized fungicides with different modes of actione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato grey mould could be controlled by using biopesticides and newly synthesized fungicides with different modes of action”
The same questions in other papers
diethofencarb · control · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
pyrimethanil · control · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
carbendazim · control · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.