Abstract
A two-factor field experiment was carried out at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture during the period 2005-2008. The influence of different tillage and fertilization practices on wheat grain fungal contamination was evaluated. Grain surface contamination and internal grain infection with fungi were quantified using agar tests. Purified colonies were identified using different manuals. A total of 16 fungal genera were identified in spring and winter wheat grains. Alternaria infected 46.3% - 99.9%, Cladosporium 26.9% - 77.8%, Fusarium 0.9% - 37.1%, Penicillium 1.3% - 2.5% of grains tested. Winter wheat grain surface contamination by fungi ranged from 7.2 × 103 to 24.8 × 103 of colony forming units per g of grain (cfu g-1), spring wheat from 14.8 × 103 to 80.3 × 103 cfu g-1. No-tillage increased winter wheat grain infection by Alternaria, Aspergillus and Cladosporium species and total count of cfu g-1 on spring wheat grain surface. High fertilizer rates resulted in an increase in spring wheat grain infection by Fusarium and Penicillium species and total count of cfu g-1 on both spring and winter wheat grain surface.;
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Sixteen fungal genera were identified in spring and winter wheat grain.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Outcome
- fungal generae0
- Value
- 16 fungal generae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 16 fungal genera were identified in spring and winter wheat grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternaria infected 46.3%–99.9% of tested wheat grains.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Alternaria
Alternariae0pathogen - Outcome
- Alternaria infectede0
- Value
- 46.3% - 99.9%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alternaria infected 46.3% - 99.9%”
t0“wheat grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Cladosporium infected 26.9%–77.8% of tested wheat grains.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Cladosporium
Cladosporiume0pathogen - Outcome
- Cladosporiume0
- Value
- 26.9% - 77.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cladosporium 26.9% - 77.8%”
t0“wheat grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium infected 0.9%–37.1% of tested wheat grains.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Fusariume0
- Value
- 0.9% - 37.1%e0
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium 0.9% - 37.1%”
t0“wheat grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillium infected 1.3%–2.5% of tested wheat grains.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Penicillium
Penicilliume0pathogen - Outcome
- Penicilliume0
- Value
- 1.3% - 2.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Penicillium 1.3% - 2.5%”
t0“wheat grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter wheat grain-surface fungal contamination ranged from 7.2 × 103 to 24.8 × 103 cfu per gram.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Outcome
- grain surface contamination by fungie0
- Value
- 7.2 × 103 to 24.8 × 103 of colony forming units per g of grain (cfu g-1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat grain surface contamination by fungi ranged from 7.2 × 103 to 24.8 × 103 of colony forming units per g of grain (cfu g-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring wheat grain-surface fungal contamination ranged from 14.8 × 103 to 80.3 × 103 cfu per gram.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- spring wheate0
- Value
- 14.8 × 103 to 80.3 × 103 cfu g-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring wheat from 14.8 × 103 to 80.3 × 103 cfu g-1”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage increased winter wheat grain infection by Alternaria, Aspergillus and Cladosporium.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- No-tillagee0
- Outcome
- grain infection by Alternaria, Aspergillus and Cladosporium speciese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No-tillage increased winter wheat grain infection by Alternaria, Aspergillus and Cladosporium species”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage increased spring wheat grain-surface fungal colony counts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- No-tillagee0
- Outcome
- total count of cfu g-1 on spring wheat grain surfacee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No-tillage increased winter wheat grain infection by Alternaria, Aspergillus and Cladosporium species and total count of cfu g-1 on spring wheat grain surface”
Claim · model-written summary
High fertilizer rates increased spring wheat grain infection by Fusarium and Penicillium.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- High fertilizer ratese0
- Outcome
- spring wheat grain infection by Fusarium and Penicillium speciese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High fertilizer rates resulted in an increase in spring wheat grain infection by Fusarium and Penicillium species”
Claim · model-written summary
High fertilizer rates increased grain-surface fungal colony counts in spring and winter wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- High fertilizer ratese0
- Outcome
- total count of cfu g-1 on both spring and winter wheat grain surfacee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High fertilizer rates resulted in an increase in spring wheat grain infection by Fusarium and Penicillium species and total count of cfu g-1 on both spring and winter wheat grain surface”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · organism · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
34 papers more in this group
See all 38 papers →tillage · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 51 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
75 papers more in this group
See all 79 papers →fertilization · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
34 papers in the same direction as this paper · 72 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
103 papers more in this group
See all 107 papers →fertilization · organism · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 98 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
121 papers more in this group
See all 125 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.