Abstract
Abstract Large‐scale inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is generally impractical in most regions and we have little understanding of the factors that determine inoculation success. Nevertheless, the ability to take full advantage of indigenous AMF for sustainable production needs to be developed within cropping systems. We used part of a long‐term field experiment to understand the influence of tillage and the preceding crop on AMF colonization over the growing season. Arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization rate was more affected by treatment (tillage or the combination of crop and preceding crop) than by the total number of AMF spores in the soil. Conventional tillage (CT) had a statistically significant negative effect ( P ≤ 0.05) on spore numbers isolated from the soil, but only in the first year of study. However, the AMF colonization rate was significantly reduced by CT, and the roots of wheat, Triticum aestivum , L, cv. Coa after sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., were less well colonized than were those of triticale, X Triticosecale Wittmack, cv. Alter after wheat, but the affect of tillage was more pronounced than was the effect of crop combination. Under no‐till there was a significant increase in AMF colonization rate throughout the sampling period in both wheat and triticale, indicating that the extraradical mycelium previously produced acted as a source of inoculum. In general, triticale showed greater AMF colonization than wheat, despite the preceding crop being less mycotrophic. Under these experimental conditions, typical of Mediterranean agricultural systems, AMF colonization responded more strongly to tillage practices than to the combination of crop and preceding crop.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage significantly reduced soil AMF spore numbers in the first study year.
- Taxon
- winter wheat and triticale
Triticum aestivum
×Triticosecalet0 - Treatment
- Conventional tillage (CT)e0
- Outcome
- spore numbers isolated from the soile0
- Direction
- negative effecte0
- Qualifier
- only in the first year of studye0
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conventional tillage (CT) had a statistically significant negative effect ( P ≤ 0.05) on spore numbers isolated from the soil, but only in the first year of study.”
t0“winter wheat and triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage significantly reduced AMF colonization.
- Taxon
- winter wheat and triticaleTriticum aestivum×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- CTe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF colonization ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the AMF colonization rate was significantly reduced by CT”
t0“winter wheat and triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat after sunflower was less colonized than triticale after wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- cv. Coae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- less well colonizede0
- Direction
- less well colonizede0
- Comparator
- triticale, X Triticosecale Wittmack, cv. Alter after wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the roots of wheat, Triticum aestivum , L, cv. Coa after sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., were less well colonized than were those of triticale, X Triticosecale Wittmack, cv. Alter after wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Under no till, AMF colonization increased through sampling in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- no‐tille0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF colonization ratee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under no‐till there was a significant increase in AMF colonization rate throughout the sampling period in both wheat and triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Under no till, AMF colonization increased through sampling in triticale.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Treatment
- no‐tille0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF colonization ratee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under no‐till there was a significant increase in AMF colonization rate throughout the sampling period in both wheat and triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Triticale generally had greater AMF colonization than wheat.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF colonizatione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“triticale showed greater AMF colonization than wheat”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · disease · x Triticosecale (triticale)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
tillage · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
50 papers in the same direction as this paper · 27 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
75 papers more in this group
See all 79 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.