Abstract
Whole‐plant responses to elevated CO 2 throughout the life cycle are needed to understand future impacts of elevated atmospheric CO 2 . In this study, Triticum aestivum L. leaf carbon exchange rates (CER) and carbohydrates, growth, and development were examined at the tillering, booting, and grain‐filling stages in growth chambers with CO 2 concentrations of 350 (ambient) or 700 (high) μmol mol −1. Single‐leaf CER values measured on plants grown at high CO 2 were 50% greater than those measured on plants grown at ambient CO 2 for all growth stages, with no photosynthetic acclimation observed at high CO 2 . Leaves grown in high CO 2 had more starch and simple sugars at tillering and booting, and more starch at grain‐filling, than those grown in ambient CO 2 . CER and carbohydrate levels were positively correlated with leaf appearance rates and tillering (especially third‐, fourth‐ and fifth‐order tillers). Elevated CO 2 slightly delayed tiller appearance, but accelerated tiller development after appearance. Although high CO 2 increased leaf appearance rates, final leaf number/culm was not effected because growth stages were reached slightly sooner. Greater plant biomass was related to greater tillering. Doubling CO 2 significantly increased both shoot and root dry weight, but decreased the shoot to root ratio. High CO 2 plants had more spikes plant −1 and spikelets spike −1 , but a similar number of fertile spikelets spike −1. Elevated CO 2 resulted in greater shoot, root and spike production and quicker canopy development by increasing leaf and tiller appearance rates and phenology.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 raised single leaf CER by 50% at all stages.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- high CO 2e0
- Outcome
- Single‐leaf CERe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Qualifier
- for all growth stagese0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single‐leaf CER values measured on plants grown at high CO 2 were 50% greater than those measured on plants grown at ambient CO 2 for all growth stages”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 did not produce photosynthetic acclimation.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high CO 2e0
- Outcome
- no photosynthetic acclimatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with no photosynthetic acclimation observed at high CO 2”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 increased leaf starch and simple sugars at tillering and booting.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Leavese0
- Treatment
- high CO 2e0
- Outcome
- starch and simple sugarse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- at tillering and bootinge0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaves grown in high CO 2 had more starch and simple sugars at tillering and booting, and more starch at grain‐filling, than those grown in ambient CO 2”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 increased leaf starch at grain filling.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- grain‐fillinge0
- Treatment
- high CO 2e1
- Outcome
- starche0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and more starch at grain‐filling, than those grown in ambient CO 2”
e1“Leaves grown in high CO 2”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
CER and carbohydrate levels correlated positively with leaf appearance and tillering.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- tillerse0
- Outcome
- leaf appearance rates and tilleringe0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- especially third‐, fourth‐ and fifth‐order tillerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CER and carbohydrate levels were positively correlated with leaf appearance rates and tillering (especially third‐, fourth‐ and fifth‐order tillers)”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 slightly delayed tiller appearance.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- tiller appearancee0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 slightly delayed tiller appearance”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 accelerated tiller development after appearance.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- tiller developmente0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but accelerated tiller development after appearance”
e1“Elevated CO 2 slightly delayed tiller appearance”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 increased leaf appearance rates.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high CO 2e0
- Outcome
- leaf appearance ratese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high CO 2 increased leaf appearance rates”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 did not affect final leaf number per culm because stages were reached sooner.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high CO 2e1
- Outcome
- final leaf number/culme0
- Direction
- not effectede0
- Qualifier
- growth stages were reached slightly soonere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“final leaf number/culm was not effected because growth stages were reached slightly sooner”
e1“high CO 2 increased leaf appearance rates”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater biomass was related to greater tillering.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- tilleringe0
- Outcome
- plant biomasse0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greater plant biomass was related to greater tillering”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Doubling CO2 significantly increased shoot dry weight.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Doubling CO 2e0
- Outcome
- shoote0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Doubling CO 2 significantly increased both shoot and root dry weight”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Doubling CO2 significantly increased root dry weight.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Doubling CO 2e0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Doubling CO 2 significantly increased both shoot and root dry weight”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Doubling CO2 decreased the shoot to root ratio.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Doubling CO 2e1
- Outcome
- shoot to root ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but decreased the shoot to root ratio”
e1“Doubling CO 2 significantly increased both shoot and root dry weight”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 increased spikes per plant.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- High CO 2e0
- Outcome
- spikes plant −1e0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High CO 2 plants had more spikes plant −1 and spikelets spike −1”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 increased spikelets per spike.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- High CO 2e0
- Outcome
- spikelets spike −1e0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High CO 2 plants had more spikes plant −1 and spikelets spike −1”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertile spikelets per spike were similar at high CO2.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- High CO 2e1
- Outcome
- fertile spikelets spike −1e0
- Direction
- similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but a similar number of fertile spikelets spike −1”
e1“High CO 2 plants had more spikes plant −1”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 quickened canopy development.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- canopy developmente0
- Direction
- quickere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 resulted in greater shoot, root and spike production and quicker canopy development by increasing leaf and tiller appearance rates and phenology”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
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See all 203 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.