Abstract
Abstract: The growth, development and consumption of three successive generations of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), reared on milky grains of spring wheat grown under elevated CO 2 (double‐ambient vs. ambient) in open‐top chambers (OTCs) were examined. Decreases in protein, total amino acid, water and nitrogen content, and increases in total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs) and ratio of TNC : nitrogen were found in wheat milky grains grown under elevated CO 2 conditions. Changes in quality of wheat grains affected the growth, development and food utilization of H. armigera . Significantly longer larval lifespan for the third generation and lower pupal weight for all generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on milky grains of spring wheat grown under elevated CO 2 conditions. Bollworm fecundity was significantly decreased for the second and third generations under elevated CO 2 levels. The consumption, frass per larva and relative consumption rate significantly increased in elevated CO 2 compared with ambient CO 2 conditions. However, the potential population consumption was significant reduced by elevated CO 2 in the second and third generations. The results of this study indicate that elevated CO 2 levels adversely affect grain quality, resulting in consistently increased consumption per larva for a longer period to produce less fecund bollworm through generations, suggesting that net damage of cotton bollworm on wheat will be less under elevated atmospheric CO 2 levels because increased consumption is offset by slower development and reduced fecundity.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 lowered protein, total amino acid, water and nitrogen content in wheat milky grains.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- milky grainse0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 conditionse0
- Outcome
- protein, total amino acid, water and nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- Decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreases in protein, total amino acid, water and nitrogen content, and increases in total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs) and ratio of TNC : nitrogen were found in wheat milky grains grown under elevated CO 2 conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased total non-structure carbohydrates and the TNC-to-nitrogen ratio in wheat milky grains.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- milky grainse0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 conditionse0
- Outcome
- total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs) and ratio of TNC : nitrogene0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreases in protein, total amino acid, water and nitrogen content, and increases in total non‐structure carbohydrates (TNCs) and ratio of TNC : nitrogen were found in wheat milky grains grown under elevated CO 2 conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bollworm larval lifespan was significantly longer in the third generation fed wheat grown under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 conditionse0
- Interactor
- cotton bollworm
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerae0pest - Outcome
- larval lifespane0
- Direction
- longere0
- Qualifier
- third generatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Significantly longer larval lifespan for the third generation and lower pupal weight for all generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on milky grains of spring wheat grown under elevated CO 2 conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bollworm pupal weight was lower in all generations fed wheat grown under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 conditionse0
- Interactor
- cotton bollwormHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- pupal weighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- all generationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly longer larval lifespan for the third generation and lower pupal weight for all generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on milky grains of spring wheat grown under elevated CO 2 conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bollworm fecundity decreased significantly in the second and third generations under elevated CO2.
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 levelse0
- Interactor
- Bollworm
.jpg?width=60)
Helicoverpa zeae0pest - Outcome
- Bollworm fecunditye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- second and third generationse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Bollworm fecundity was significantly decreased for the second and third generations under elevated CO 2 levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bollworm consumption, frass per larva and relative consumption rate increased significantly under elevated CO2.
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- consumption, frass per larva and relative consumption ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2 conditionse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The consumption, frass per larva and relative consumption rate significantly increased in elevated CO 2 compared with ambient CO 2 conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly reduced potential population consumption in the second and third bollworm generations.
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- potential population consumptione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- second and third generationse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the potential population consumption was significant reduced by elevated CO 2 in the second and third generations.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest net bollworm damage on wheat will be less under elevated atmospheric CO2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- elevated atmospheric CO 2 levelse0
- Interactor
- cotton bollwormHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- net damage of cotton bollworme0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- increased consumption is offset by slower development and reduced fecunditye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“net damage of cotton bollworm on wheat will be less under elevated atmospheric CO 2 levels because increased consumption is offset by slower development and reduced fecundity”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.