Abstract
A pot culture study was performed to evaluate the differences between salt-stressed pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants of tolerant (Climax and Samarina Zard) and sensitive (Ambassidar and PF-400) genotypes, and to determine whether treatment with 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) could enhance the accumulation of osmolytes and antioxidant activity and thereby induce tolerance in salt-stressed plants. Three-week-old seedlings were subjected to +NaCl (5 dS m^-1) and -NaCl conditions (0 dS m^-1). After 4 days of salt stress, the plants were sprayed with Milli-Q water or EBL (0.125 mg L^-1). The plants were sampled at 32 days after sowing and at the final maturity stage. Half-strength Hoagland solution was used as the nutrient medium. Both the tolerant and sensitive plants subjected to saline condition showed decreases in germination percentage, embryo axis length, plant fresh/dry biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), photosynthesis, rubisco content, rubisco activity, stomatal conductance, number of stomata, stomatal size, number of epidermal cells, and yield attributes and increases in lipid peroxidation, total phenolics content, proline content, glycine betaine content, total amino acids content, total soluble sugars content, sucrose content, sucrose phosphate synthase activity, sucrose synthase activity, and activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase). Salt stress had a less deleterious effect on Climax and Samarina Zard than on Ambassidar and PF-400. The foliar application of EBL mitigated the deleterious effects of NaCl by improving growth, productivity, and gas exchange attributes and by further enhancing the concentrations of the above osmolytes and antioxidants, particularly in the tolerant genotypes. The enhanced concentrations of osmolytes and antioxidants may have induced salt tolerance in the plants subjected to saline conditions, resulting in improved growth, gas exchange attributes, and yield.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress decreased germination percentage, embryo axis length, plant fresh/dry biomass in both tolerant and sensitive pea genotypes.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- +NaCl (5 dS m^-1)e1
- Outcome
- germination percentage, embryo axis length, plant fresh/dry biomasse3
- Direction
- decreasese2
- Comparator
- -NaCl conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-stressed pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants”
e1“Three-week-old seedlings were subjected to +NaCl (5 dS m^-1) and -NaCl conditions (0 dS m^-1)”
e2“showed decreases in”
e3“germination percentage, embryo axis length, plant fresh/dry biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress decreased leaf area, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC) in both tolerant and sensitive pea genotypes.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- +NaCl (5 dS m^-1)e1
- Outcome
- leaf area, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC)e3
- Direction
- decreasese2
- Comparator
- -NaCl conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-stressed pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants”
e1“Three-week-old seedlings were subjected to +NaCl (5 dS m^-1) and -NaCl conditions (0 dS m^-1)”
e2“showed decreases in”
e3“leaf area, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress decreased photosynthesis, rubisco content, rubisco activity in both tolerant and sensitive pea genotypes.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- +NaCl (5 dS m^-1)e1
- Outcome
- photosynthesis, rubisco content, rubisco activitye3
- Direction
- decreasese2
- Comparator
- -NaCl conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-stressed pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants”
e1“Three-week-old seedlings were subjected to +NaCl (5 dS m^-1) and -NaCl conditions (0 dS m^-1)”
e2“showed decreases in”
e3“photosynthesis, rubisco content, rubisco activity”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress decreased stomatal conductance, number of stomata, stomatal size in both tolerant and sensitive pea genotypes.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- +NaCl (5 dS m^-1)e1
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance, number of stomata, stomatal sizee3
- Direction
- decreasese2
- Comparator
- -NaCl conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-stressed pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants”
e1“Three-week-old seedlings were subjected to +NaCl (5 dS m^-1) and -NaCl conditions (0 dS m^-1)”
e2“showed decreases in”
e3“stomatal conductance, number of stomata, stomatal size”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress decreased number of epidermal cells, and yield attributes in both tolerant and sensitive pea genotypes.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- +NaCl (5 dS m^-1)e1
- Outcome
- number of epidermal cells, and yield attributese3
- Direction
- decreasese2
- Comparator
- -NaCl conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-stressed pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants”
e1“Three-week-old seedlings were subjected to +NaCl (5 dS m^-1) and -NaCl conditions (0 dS m^-1)”
e2“showed decreases in”
e3“number of epidermal cells, and yield attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress increased lipid peroxidation, total phenolics content, proline content in both tolerant and sensitive pea genotypes.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- +NaCl (5 dS m^-1)e1
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation, total phenolics content, proline contente3
- Direction
- increasese2
- Comparator
- -NaCl conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-stressed pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants”
e1“Three-week-old seedlings were subjected to +NaCl (5 dS m^-1) and -NaCl conditions (0 dS m^-1)”
e2“increases in”
e3“lipid peroxidation, total phenolics content, proline content”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress increased glycine betaine content, total amino acids content, total soluble sugars content in both tolerant and sensitive pea genotypes.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- +NaCl (5 dS m^-1)e1
- Outcome
- glycine betaine content, total amino acids content, total soluble sugars contente3
- Direction
- increasese2
- Comparator
- -NaCl conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-stressed pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants”
e1“Three-week-old seedlings were subjected to +NaCl (5 dS m^-1) and -NaCl conditions (0 dS m^-1)”
e2“increases in”
e3“glycine betaine content, total amino acids content, total soluble sugars content”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress increased sucrose content, sucrose phosphate synthase activity, sucrose synthase activity in both tolerant and sensitive pea genotypes.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- +NaCl (5 dS m^-1)e1
- Outcome
- sucrose content, sucrose phosphate synthase activity, sucrose synthase activitye3
- Direction
- increasese2
- Comparator
- -NaCl conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-stressed pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants”
e1“Three-week-old seedlings were subjected to +NaCl (5 dS m^-1) and -NaCl conditions (0 dS m^-1)”
e2“increases in”
e3“sucrose content, sucrose phosphate synthase activity, sucrose synthase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress increased activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase) in both tolerant and sensitive pea genotypes.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- +NaCl (5 dS m^-1)e1
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase)e3
- Direction
- increasese2
- Comparator
- -NaCl conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-stressed pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants”
e1“Three-week-old seedlings were subjected to +NaCl (5 dS m^-1) and -NaCl conditions (0 dS m^-1)”
e2“increases in”
e3“activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress had a less deleterious effect on the tolerant genotypes Climax and Samarina Zard than on the sensitive genotypes Ambassidar and PF-400.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- Climax and Samarina Zarde1
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- deleterious effecte1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Comparator
- Ambassidar and PF-400e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-stressed pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants”
e1“Salt stress had a less deleterious effect on Climax and Samarina Zard than on Ambassidar and PF-400”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of EBL mitigated the deleterious effects of NaCl by improving growth, productivity and gas exchange attributes.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- foliar application of EBLe1
- Outcome
- growth, productivity, and gas exchange attributese1
- Direction
- improvinge1
- Comparator
- Milli-Q watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-stressed pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants”
e1“The foliar application of EBL mitigated the deleterious effects of NaCl by improving growth, productivity, and gas exchange attributes”
e2“sprayed with Milli-Q water or EBL”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL further enhanced concentrations of osmolytes and antioxidants in salt-stressed pea, particularly in the tolerant genotypes.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- foliar application of EBLe2
- Outcome
- concentrations of the above osmolytes and antioxidantse1
- Direction
- enhancinge1
- Qualifier
- particularly in the tolerant genotypese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-stressed pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants”
e1“by further enhancing the concentrations of the above osmolytes and antioxidants, particularly in the tolerant genotypes”
e2“The foliar application of EBL”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that the enhanced concentrations of osmolytes and antioxidants may have induced salt tolerance in the plants under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Compound
- osmolytes and antioxidantse1
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt-stressed pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants”
e1“The enhanced concentrations of osmolytes and antioxidants may have induced salt tolerance in the plants subjected to saline conditions”
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