Abstract
The present work describes, for the first time, the changes that take place in the leaf apoplastic antioxidant defenses in response to NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget) showing different degrees of sensitivity to high NaCl concentrations. The results showed that only superoxide dismutase, and probably dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), were present in the leaf apoplastic space, whereas ascorbate (ASC) peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and glutathione (GSH) reductase (GR) seemed to be absent. Both ASC and GSH were detected in the leaf apoplastic space and although their absolute levels did not change in response to salt stress, the ASC/dehydroascorbate and GSH to GSH oxidized form ratios decreased progressively with the severity of the stress. Apoplastic superoxide dismutase activity was induced in NaCl-treated pea cv Puget but decreased in NaCl-treated pea cv Lincoln. An increase in DHAR and GR and a decrease in ASC peroxidase, MDHAR, ASC, and GSH levels was observed in the symplast from NaCl-treated pea cv Lincoln, whereas in pea cv Puget an increase in DHAR, GR, and MDHAR occurred. The results suggest a strong interaction between both cell compartments in the control of the apoplastic ASC content in pea leaves. However, this anti-oxidative response does not seem to be sufficient to remove the harmful effects of high salinity. This finding is more evident in pea cv Lincoln, which is characterized by a greater inhibition of the growth response and by a higher rise in the apoplastic hydrogen peroxide content, O(2)(.-) production and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and CO protein levels. This NaCl-induced oxidative stress in the apoplasts might be related to the appearance of highly localized O(2)(.-)/H(2)O(2)-induced necrotic lesions in the minor veins in NaCl-treated pea plants. It is possible that both the different anti-oxidative capacity and the NaCl-induced response in the apoplast and in the symplast from pea cv Puget in comparison with pea cv Lincoln contributes to a better protection of pea cv Puget against salt stress.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase was present in the leaf apoplastic space of pea.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Organ / stage
- leaf apoplastic spacee1
- Gene
- superoxide dismutasee1
- Outcome
- present in the leaf apoplastic spacee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget)”
e1“only superoxide dismutase, and probably dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), were present in the leaf apoplastic space”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehydroascorbate reductase was probably present in the leaf apoplastic space of pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- leaf apoplastic spacee1
- Gene
- dehydroascorbate reductasee1
- Outcome
- present in the leaf apoplastic spacee1
- Qualifier
- probablye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget)”
e1“only superoxide dismutase, and probably dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), were present in the leaf apoplastic space”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate peroxidase, MDHAR and glutathione reductase seemed to be absent from the leaf apoplastic space of pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Gene
- ascorbate (ASC) peroxidasee2
- Outcome
- seemed to be absente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget)”
e2“whereas ascorbate (ASC) peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and glutathione (GSH) reductase (GR) seemed to be absent”
Claim · model-written summary
ASC and GSH were detected in the leaf apoplastic space of pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- leaf apoplastic spacee3
- Outcome
- detected in the leaf apoplastic spacee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget)”
e3“Both ASC and GSH were detected in the leaf apoplastic space and although their absolute levels did not change in response to salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Absolute ASC and GSH levels in the apoplast of pea did not change in response to salt stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- salt stresse3
- Outcome
- absolute levelse3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget)”
e3“Both ASC and GSH were detected in the leaf apoplastic space and although their absolute levels did not change in response to salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The ASC/dehydroascorbate and GSH to GSH oxidized form ratios in pea apoplast decreased progressively with the severity of the stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- severity of the stresse4
- Outcome
- ASC/dehydroascorbate and GSH to GSH oxidized form ratiose4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget)”
e4“the ASC/dehydroascorbate and GSH to GSH oxidized form ratios decreased progressively with the severity of the stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Apoplastic superoxide dismutase activity was induced in NaCl-treated pea cv Puget.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- cv Pugete5
- Treatment
- NaCl-treatede5
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase activitye5
- Direction
- inducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget)”
e5“Apoplastic superoxide dismutase activity was induced in NaCl-treated pea cv Puget but decreased in NaCl-treated pea cv Lincoln”
Claim · model-written summary
Apoplastic superoxide dismutase activity decreased in NaCl-treated pea cv Lincoln.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- cv Lincolne5
- Treatment
- NaCl-treatede5
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase activitye5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget)”
e5“Apoplastic superoxide dismutase activity was induced in NaCl-treated pea cv Puget but decreased in NaCl-treated pea cv Lincoln”
Claim · model-written summary
DHAR and GR increased in the symplast of NaCl-treated pea cv Lincoln.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- cv Lincolne6
- Organ / stage
- symplaste6
- Treatment
- NaCl-treatede6
- Gene
- DHAR and GRe6
- Outcome
- An increase in DHAR and GRe6
- Direction
- increasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget)”
e6“An increase in DHAR and GR and a decrease in ASC peroxidase, MDHAR, ASC, and GSH levels was observed in the symplast from NaCl-treated pea cv Lincoln”
Claim · model-written summary
ASC peroxidase, MDHAR and ASC levels decreased in the symplast of NaCl-treated pea cv Lincoln.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- cv Lincolne6
- Organ / stage
- symplaste6
- Treatment
- NaCl-treatede6
- Outcome
- ASC peroxidase, MDHAR, ASCe6
- Direction
- decreasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget)”
e6“An increase in DHAR and GR and a decrease in ASC peroxidase, MDHAR, ASC, and GSH levels was observed in the symplast from NaCl-treated pea cv Lincoln”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH levels decreased in the symplast of NaCl-treated pea cv Lincoln.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- cv Lincolne6
- Organ / stage
- symplaste6
- Treatment
- NaCl-treatede6
- Outcome
- GSH levelse6
- Direction
- decreasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget)”
e6“An increase in DHAR and GR and a decrease in ASC peroxidase, MDHAR, ASC, and GSH levels was observed in the symplast from NaCl-treated pea cv Lincoln”
Claim · model-written summary
DHAR, GR and MDHAR increased in pea cv Puget under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- cv Pugete7
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Gene
- DHAR, GR, and MDHARe7
- Outcome
- an increase in DHAR, GR, and MDHARe7
- Direction
- increasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget)”
e7“in pea cv Puget an increase in DHAR, GR, and MDHAR occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea cv Lincoln showed a greater inhibition of the growth response than cv Puget under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- cv Lincolne1
- Outcome
- growth responsee1
- Direction
- greater inhibitione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget)”
e1“This finding is more evident in pea cv Lincoln, which is characterized by a greater inhibition of the growth response and by a higher rise in the apoplastic hydrogen peroxide content, O(2)(.-) production and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and CO protein levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Cv Lincoln showed a higher rise in apoplastic hydrogen peroxide content under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- cv Lincolne1
- Outcome
- apoplastic hydrogen peroxide contente1
- Direction
- higher risee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget)”
e1“This finding is more evident in pea cv Lincoln, which is characterized by a greater inhibition of the growth response and by a higher rise in the apoplastic hydrogen peroxide content, O(2)(.-) production and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and CO protein levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Cv Lincoln showed a higher rise in O2 production and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- cv Lincolne1
- Outcome
- O(2)(.-) production and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substancese1
- Direction
- higher risee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget)”
e1“This finding is more evident in pea cv Lincoln, which is characterized by a greater inhibition of the growth response and by a higher rise in the apoplastic hydrogen peroxide content, O(2)(.-) production and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and CO protein levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Cv Lincoln showed a higher rise in CO protein levels under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- cv Lincolne1
- Outcome
- CO protein levelse1
- Direction
- higher risee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget)”
e1“This finding is more evident in pea cv Lincoln, which is characterized by a greater inhibition of the growth response and by a higher rise in the apoplastic hydrogen peroxide content, O(2)(.-) production and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and CO protein levels”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl-induced apoplastic oxidative stress might be related to necrotic lesions in the minor veins of pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- NaCl-induced oxidative stresse1
- Outcome
- necrotic lesions in the minor veinse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget)”
e1“This NaCl-induced oxidative stress in the apoplasts might be related to the appearance of highly localized O(2)(.-)/H(2)O(2)-induced necrotic lesions in the minor veins in NaCl-treated pea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences in antioxidant capacity and NaCl response in the apoplast and symplast may contribute to better protection of cv Puget against salt stress.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- better protection of pea cv Puget against salt stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress in two pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars (cv Lincoln and cv Puget)”
e1“contributes to a better protection of pea cv Puget against salt stress”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.